{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:14:05Z","timestamp":1775520845437,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,14]],"date-time":"2007-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1179100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biomedical Materials Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pseudowollastonite ceramics (\u03b2\u2010CaSiO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) from synthetic and natural sources were assessed with regard to their properties relevant to biomedical applications. Synthetic and natural CaSiO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> powders, with average particle size of 1.6 and 13.2 \u03bcm, respectively, were first employed. Powders were pressed and sintered at 1400\u00b0C for 2 h. Pseudowollastonite was the only crystalline phase in sintered materials. Glassy phase, eight times more abundant in sintered natural wollastonite (SNW) than in the synthetic one (SSW), was observed in grain boundaries and in triple points. Larger grains and bigger and more abundant pores were present in SNW, resulting in lower diametral tensile strength (26 MPa), than in SSW (42 MPa). However, by milling the natural wollastonite starting powder to a particle size of 2.0 \u03bcm and sintering (SNW\u2010M), the microstructure became finer and less porous, and diametral tensile strength increased (48 MPa). Weibull modulus of SNW and SNW\u2010M samples was twice that of the SSW. All the samples released Si and Ca ions, and removed phosphate ions from simulated body fluid in similar amounts and were completely coated by apatite\u2010like spherules after soaking in simulated body fluid for 3 wk. The aqueous extracts from all samples studied were not cytotoxic in a culture of human fibroblastic cells. No differences in fibroblast\u2010like human cells adhesion and proliferation were observed between samples. According to the obtained results, properly processed pseudowollastonite bioceramics, obtained from the natural source, exhibit the same <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> behavior and better performance in terms of strength and reliability than do the more expensive synthetic materials. \u00a9 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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