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Bioactive glass (13\u201093) mesh fixed with 3 wt % chitosan was implanted into the dorsal subcutaneous space of New Zealand White rabbits (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 18) for six, 12, and 24 weeks, respectively. After 6 weeks the bioactive glass remnants were surrounded by foreign\u2010body granuloma with eosinophilic granulocytes. After 12 and 24 weeks the implanted material was mainly absorbed, but, if any particles still remained the foreign\u2010body reaction was notably milder. Yet, a mild chronic inflammatory infiltrate was present. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) \u20102, \u20103, \u201013 and tissue inhibitory protein (TIMP\u20101 and \u20102) expressions were studied by immunohistochemistry. MMP\u20103, \u201013, TIMP\u20101, and \u20102 positivity were detected throughout the follow\u2010up period. MMP\u20102 positivity was only occasionally seen in the 24 week samples, which is constitutively expressed but is not related to inductive MMP\u20103 and \u201013 cascade. The presence of eosinophilic granulocytes in some of the samples raises the possibility of an allergic reaction to the materials. MMP\u20103 and \u201013 are suggested to participate in the host reaction to either bioactive glass or chitosan. \u00a9 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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