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This study was designed to learn more about the capability of engineered rhamnogalacturonan\u2010I (RG\u2010I) fractions of apple pectin to control bone cell and macrophage behavior. Thermanox\u00ae or polystyrene Petri dishes were surface modified with two different modified hairy regions (MHRs) obtained by different enzymatic liquefaction processes of apples differing in relative amounts and lengths of their neutral side chains: (long\u2010haired) MHR\u2010\u03b1 and (short\u2010haired) MHR\u2010B. Bone explants from 14\u2010day\u2010old chick embryos were cultured for 14 days on both pectic substrata. MHR\u2010B promoted cell migration and differentiation, MHR\u2010\u03b1 did not. On MHR\u2010\u03b1, J774.2 macrophages grew well, their percentage in G1 phase was decreased and in S phase increased, and they did not secrete either proinflammatory\u2010cytokines or nitrites. Contrasting results were gained from macrophages on MHR\u2010B, except for nitrite secretion. Thus, we conclude that coatings from tailored pectins show different biological activities <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and are potential innovative candidates for improving the biocompatibility of medical devices in various applications. \u00a9 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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