{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:41:16Z","timestamp":1791304876302,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,30]],"date-time":"2008-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1209513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biomedical Materials Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Particle\u2010induced osteolysis is the most frequent cause of aseptic loosening after total joint replacement. We performed a study to illuminate the effect of ceramic particles with different diameters and concentrations on the mRNA expression of certain key regulators in particle\u2010induced aseptic osteolysis (RANK, RANKL, OPG, and TNF\u2010\u03b1) in THP\u20101 macrophage\u2010like cells. Titanium particles were used as a positive control. RNA was analyzed by quantitative RTPCR. Our results demonstrate that alumina ceramic particles, regardless of particle size, caused only slight upregulations of RANK, TNF\u2010\u03b1, and OPG mRNA, whose levels were significantly lower in comparison with those of titanium particles (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). The continuous increasing tendency to time and particle\u2010dependent mRNA expression of all the parameters stimulated by titanium particles was not found after stimulation with ceramic materials. Even after the concentration of ceramic particles was increased, only a mild upregulation of mRNA expression was found. Furthermore, we observed that the bioinert properties of ceramic particles did not change much in diameters ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 \u03bcm. At most of the measuring time points, there was no significant difference between the reactions of the large and small particles in this range. Our results support the theory about the relative bioinert properties of alumina ceramic particles. \u00a9 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.31956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,30]],"date-time":"2008-04-30T22:46:56Z","timestamp":1209595616000},"page":"707-716","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Alumina ceramic particles, in comparison with titanium particles, hardly affect the expression of RANK\u2010, TNF\u2010\u03b1\u2010, and OPG\u2010mRNA in the THP\u20101 human monocytic cell line"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89A","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Bylski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Wedemeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Sterner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franz","family":"L\u00f6er","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marius","family":"von Knoch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(02)00150-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679808999063"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199610000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200208000-00038","article-title":"What's new in orthopaedic research","volume":"84","author":"Silva MJ","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4636(200108)56:2<177::AID-JBM1082>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199009000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s007760170025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011267005465"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.55.6.388"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.74B5.1527108","article-title":"Polymethylmethacrylate\u2010induced inflammatory macrophages resorb bone","volume":"74","author":"Quinn J","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(03)00556-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.85B8.13311"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.83B6.10905"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016470410001222"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(03)00120-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orthres.2003.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.5.2374"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.040604"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orthres.2005.02.017.1100230602"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(02)00804-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2003.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(02)00510-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/arth.2001.20906"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17453670610045902"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199810000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(199612)32:4<627::AID-JBM16>3.0.CO;2-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.30441"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","first-page":"229","article-title":"Total arthroplasty of the hip by fritted aluminum prosthesis. 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