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It has been shown <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, that polyethylene particles cleaned of endotoxin generate less of an inflammatory cytokine response than endotoxin bound particles. Comparative particle induced effects on implant fixation were tested using endotoxin free cross\u2010linked ultra\u2010high molecular weight polyethylene (x\u2010UHMWPE) and polycarbonate\u2010urethane (PCU) particles with and without intraperitoneal injection (IP) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using a Ti\u2010alloy femoral intramedullary nail rat model. MicroCT and mechanical testing assessment of peri\u2010implant bone indicated significantly less bone and lower fixation strength, respectively, when the implant was surrounded by xUHMWPE particles compared to PCU particles (with and without LPS IP). This indicates particles of PCU may be less disruptive to bone\u2010implant fixation than x\u2010UHMWPE <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>, under both LPS free and challenged conditions. \u00a9 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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