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Rat calvarium was chosen as a clinically analogous model, which allowed comparison between experimental groups (PCL alone, PCL\/phosphate glass, or PCL\/bioglass implants) and control groups (empty defects or bone grafted defects). All animals recovered well from surgery and no clinical complications were observed. Histological assessment indicated a lack of inflammatory response. The amount of new bone formation at the dural aspect of the implant was statistically significantly higher in the PCL\/phosphate glass group than the other experimental groups. This study confirms, in a clinically analogous model, the promise of the novel PCL\/phosphate glass composite material. Work is planned toward manufacturing scale up and clinical trials. \u00a9 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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