{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T12:18:46Z","timestamp":1752668326404},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,27]],"date-time":"2011-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biomedical Materials Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Periprosthetic osteolysis is a progressive deterioration of bone around prostheses resulting primarily from the presence of wear debris. Particulate material, number, and their interactions with environmental factors play important roles in macrophage activation around implants. We have previously shown that macrophages cultured in the presence of high numbers of cleaned titanium (Ti) particles released significant amounts of PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> that is potentially detrimental for bone. Cleaning of particles has become routine in most studies of macrophage\/particle interactions as contaminating endotoxin elicits a macrophage cytokine response and since numerous studies have suggested that endotoxins may be present on implant materials. However, the strenuous cleaning procedure itself represents a possible source of other contaminants (such as material by\u2010products) that may be relevant to the prostanoid response of macrophages. To analyze this hypothesis, the macrophage response to high numbers of cleaned Ti particles was compared to that of unclean particles and to particles that were subjected to a short version of the cleaning procedure. It was found that neither the high amount of endotoxin on the unclean particles nor the duration of the cleaning procedure had an effect on the release of PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and the decrease in cell viability in response to high number of Ti particles. Evidence of a possible relationship between these two variables is presented. \u00a9 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.33222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,28]],"date-time":"2011-09-28T02:28:37Z","timestamp":1317176917000},"page":"630-637","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Macrophage response to high number of titanium particles is cytotoxic and COX\u20102 mediated and it is not affected by the particle's endotoxin content or the cleaning treatment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"99A","author":[{"given":"Luciana P.","family":"Schwab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Marlar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen A.","family":"Hasty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000138094.86911.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.86B4.14799"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199807000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199203000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.00102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(02)00106-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(02)00076-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200102000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.10218"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(01)00077-8"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"S561","article-title":"What other biologic and mechanical factors might contribute to osteolysis?","volume":"16","author":"Greenfield EM","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.30150"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(01)00179-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(20000315)49:4<469::AID-JBM5>3.0.CO;2-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650080907"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(01)00176-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2006.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.11.2082"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20038"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(199606)31:2<251::AID-JBM12>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.136895"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100170603"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(19990905)46:3<434::AID-JBM17>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(00)00443-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.30512"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(03)00153-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","first-page":"115","article-title":"Titanium\u2010alloy particles induced cyclooxygenase\u20102 in human macrophage\u2010like cells in vitro","volume":"48","author":"Niikura T","year":"2002","journal-title":"Kobe J Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4636(20010615)55:4<547::AID-JBM1048>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01621888"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","first-page":"36","article-title":"The role of prostaglandins in the regulation of bone metabolism","volume":"313","author":"Kawaguchi H","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(02)00683-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(19990905)46:3<399::AID-JBM13>3.0.CO;2-B"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjbm.a.33222","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbm.a.33222","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T23:15:14Z","timestamp":1696893314000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jbm.a.33222"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,27]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jbm.a.33222"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbm.a.33222","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1549-3296","1552-4965"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1549-3296","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-4965","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,27]]}}}