{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T01:42:36Z","timestamp":1792546956322,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,30]],"date-time":"2013-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biomedical Materials Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In this work, novel modified nanoclays were used to mineralize hydroxyapatite (HAP) mimicking biomineralization in bone. This\n                    <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    HAPclay was further incorporated into chitosan\/polygalacturonic acid (Chi\/PgA) scaffolds and films for bone tissue engineering. Differences in microstructure of the scaffolds were observed depending on the changes in processing of\n                    <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    HAPclay with ChiPgA biopolymer system. Response of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on these scaffolds and films was studied using imaging and assays. SEM micrographs indicate that hMSCs were able to adhere to ChiPgA\/\n                    <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    HAPclay scaffolds and phase contrast images indicated formation of mineralized nodules on ChiPgA\/\n                    <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    HAPclay films in absence of osteogenic supplements used for differentiation of hMSCs. The formation of mineralized nodules by hMSCs was confirmed by positive staining of the nodules by Alizarin Red S dye. Viability and differentiation assays showed that ChiPgA\/\n                    <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    HAPclay scaffolds were favorable for viability and differentiation of hMSCs. Unique two\u2010stage cell seeding experiments were performed as a strategy to enhance tissue formation by hMSCs on ChiPgA\/\n                    <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    HAPclay composite films. This work showed that biomaterials based on ChiPgA\/\n                    <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    HAPclay composites can be used for bone tissue engineering applications and\n                    <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    nanoclay\u2010HAP system mediates osteoinductive and osteoconductive response from hMSCs. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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