{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T17:09:14Z","timestamp":1775581754043,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,7]],"date-time":"2014-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1399420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biomedical Materials Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Noninflammatory subsynovial connective tissue (SSCT) fibrosis with nerve compression is a prominent feature of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Studies have shown that SSCT matrix synthesis and material property changes in CTS are associated with increased activity of transforming growth factor (TGF)\u2010\u03b21. The aim of this study were to (1) investigate the ability of SSCT fibroblasts from CTS patients and unaffected individuals to contract a collagen gel ring and (2) determine how the addition of TGF\u2010\u03b21 affects this ability. SSCT fibroblasts from three normal cadavers and three age\u2010matched female patients who had undergone surgery for CTS were used. Results showed patient cell\u2010seeded gels had a significantly higher contraction rate (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) than control cells, and fully contracted gel rings possessed a significantly higher tensile strength (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003) and stiffness (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Furthermore, TGF\u2010\u03b21 significantly intensified contraction rate (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), tensile strength (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and stiffness (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In conclusion, SSCT cells from normal donors and CTS patients contract collagen gel rings differently, and this ability is affected by TGF\u2010\u03b21 treatment. This cell\u2010seeded collagen gel model may be useful for developing new methods of stopping or eliminating the effect of TGF\u2010\u03b21 on the SSCT fibroblasts and surrounding matrix, which might aid in the identification of medical treatment for CTS. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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