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To overcome this drawback, rats with 4\u2010week\u2010old myocardial infarction (MI) were injected in the border zone with human adipose\u2010derived stem cells (ADSCs) conveyed by poly(lactic\u2010<jats:italic>co<\/jats:italic>\u2010glycolic acid) microcarriers (PAMs) releasing hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and insulin\u2010like growth factor\u20101 (IGF\u20101) (GFsPAMs). According to treatments, animals were subdivided into different groups: MI_ADSC, MI_ADSC\/PAM, MI_GFsPAM, MI_ADSC\/GFsPAM, and untreated MI_V. Two weeks after injection, a 31% increase in ADSC engraftment was observed in MI_ADSC\/PAM compared with MI_ADSC (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). A further ADSC retention was obtained in MI_ADSC\/GFsPAM with respect to MI_ADSC (106%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and MI_ADSC\/PAM (57%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). A 130% higher density of blood vessels of medium size was present in MI_ADSC\/GFsPAM compared with MI_ADSC (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). MI_ADSC\/GFsPAM also improved, albeit slightly, left ventricular remodeling and hemodynamics with respect to the other groups. Notably, ADSCs and\/or PAMs, with or without HGF\/IGF\u20101, trended to induce arrhythmias in electrically driven, Langendorff\u2010perfused, hearts of all groups. Thus, PAMs releasing HGF\/IGF\u20101 markedly increase ADSC engraftment 2 weeks after injection and stimulate healing in chronically infarcted myocardium, but attention should be paid to potentially negative electrophysiological consequences. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 3012\u20133025, 2015.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.35442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,26]],"date-time":"2015-02-26T23:35:48Z","timestamp":1424993748000},"page":"3012-3025","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Enhanced engraftment and repairing ability of human adipose\u2010derived stem cells, conveyed by pharmacologically active microcarriers continuously releasing <scp>HGF<\/scp> and <scp>IGF<\/scp>\u20101, in healing myocardial infarction in rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Monia","family":"Savi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 11\/A 43124 Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Bocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 11\/A 43124 Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Fiumana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Cardiovascular Research Bologna Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences University of Bologna Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Pierre","family":"Karam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences University of Bologna Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna Italy"},{"name":"UMR S\u20101066 F\u201049933 LUNAM University Angers France"},{"name":"INSERM U1066 MINT \u201cMicro Et Nanom\u00e9decines Biomim\u00e9tiques\u201d F\u201049933 Angers France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Frati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Parma Via A. 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