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Numerous studies have focused on functionalizing NGCs with neurotrophic factors, for example, to support nerve regeneration over longer gaps, but few directly incorporate therapeutic agents. Herein, we fabricated NGCs from a polyanhydride comprised of salicylic acid (SA), a nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drug, then performed <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> assays. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> studies included cytotoxicity, anti\u2010inflammatory response, and NGC porosity measurements. To prepare for implantation, type I collagen hydrogels were used as NGC luminal fillers to further enhance the axonal regeneration process. For the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> studies, SA\u2010NGCs were implanted in femoral nerves of mice for 16 weeks and evaluated for functional recovery. The SA\u2010based NGCs functioned as both a drug delivery vehicle capable of reducing inflammation and scar tissue formation because of SA release as well as a tissue scaffold that promotes peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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