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Because of its intrinsic permissive properties, biocompatibility and biodegradability, we chose to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of a chitosan\u2010based biopolymer. The biomaterial toxicity was measured through <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> test based on fibroblast cell survival on thermogelling chitosan lactate hydrogel substrate and then polymer was implanted into a C2 hemisection of the rat spinal cord. Animals were randomized into three experimental groups (Control, Lesion and Lesion\u2009+\u2009Hydrogel) and functional tests (ladder walking and forelimb grip strength tests, respiratory assessment by whole\u2010body plethysmography measurements) were used, once a week during 10 weeks, to evaluate post\u2010traumatic recoveries. Then, electrophysiological examinations (reflexivity of the sub\u2010lesional region, ventilatory adjustments to muscle fatigue known to elicit the muscle metaboreflex and phrenic nerve recordings during normoxia and temporary hypoxia) were performed. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> results indicated that the chitosan matrix is a non\u2010toxic biomaterial that allowed fibroblast survival. Furthermore, implanted animals showed improvements of their ladder walking scores from the 4th week post\u2010implantation. Finally, electrophysiological recordings indicated that animals receiving the chitosan matrix exhibited recovery of the H\u2010reflex rate sensitive depression, the ventilatory response to repetitive muscle stimulation and an increase of the phrenic nerve activity to asphyxia compared to lesioned and nonimplanted animals. 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