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Preosteoblasts were challenged with Co\u2013Cr particles or Co(II) ions for 72 h, followed by the proliferation and PCR assays. For <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> test, a titanium pin was implanted into proximal tibia of SCID mice to mimic knee replacement. Co\u2013Cr particles or Co(II) ion challenged preosteoblasts (5 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>) were intra\u2010articularly injected into the implanted knee. The animals were sacrificed 5 weeks post\u2010op, and the prosthetic knees were harvested for biomechanical pin\u2010pullout testing, histological evaluations, and microCT assessment. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> study suggested that Co\u2013Cr particles and Co(II) ions significantly suppressed the proliferation of preosteoblasts in a dose\u2010dependent manner. RT\u2010PCR data on the challenged cells indicated overexpression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa\u2010B ligand (RANKL) and inhibited osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene expression. Introduction of the differently challenged preosteoblasts to the pin\u2010implant mouse model resulted in reduced implant interfacial shear strength, thicker peri\u2010implant soft\u2010tissue formation, more TRAP+ cells, lower bone mineral density, and bone volume fraction. In conclusion, both Co\u2013Cr particles and Co(II) ions interfered with the growth, maturation, and functions of preosteoblasts, and provides evidence that the metal ions as well play an important role in effecting preosteoblasts in the pathogenesis of aseptic loosening. \u00a9 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 187\u2013194, 2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.36553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,25]],"date-time":"2018-10-25T08:49:36Z","timestamp":1540457376000},"page":"187-194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Particulate and ion forms of cobalt\u2013chromium challenged preosteoblasts promote osteoclastogenesis and osteolysis in a murine model of prosthesis failure"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Shuye","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The University of Kansas School of Medicine\u2010Wichita  Wichita Kansas"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Affiliated Hospital to Binzhou Medical College  Binzhou 256603 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