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This lack of expression makes TNBC unsusceptible to currently available targeted or hormonal therapies, so new treatment strategies are desperately needed. Photothermal therapy (PTT), which utilizes nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in tumors as exogenous energy absorbers to convert externally applied near\u2010infrared (NIR) light into heat to ablate cancer cells, has shown promise as an alternative strategy. However, it typically uses gold\u2010based NPs that will remain in the body for extended period of time with unknown long\u2010term health effects. To enable PTT with biodegradable, polymeric NPs, we encapsulated the NIR\u2010absorbing dye IR820 in poly(lactic\u2010<jats:italic>co<\/jats:italic>\u2010glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs. We characterized the physicochemical properties of these IR820\u2010loaded PLGA NPs and evaluated their performance as PTT agents using both <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> models of TNBC. The results demonstrate that these NPs are potent mediators of PTT that induce cell death primarily through apoptosis to effectively hinder the growth of TNBC tumors. \u00a9 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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