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Chitin scaffolds were prepared by dissolving chitin flakes in LiCl\/dimethylacetamide, followed by gel formation and freeze\u2010drying. Some of these scaffolds were modified by incorporation of CaCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>. In some of the chitin\u2013CaCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> scaffolds, macroporosity was introduced by HCl treatment. Hemocyanin from the crayfish <jats:italic>Cherax quadricarinatus<\/jats:italic> was used to further modify the chitin scaffolds by dip coating. Cytocompatibility, cellular adherence and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were evaluated in terms of cell number as reflected in lactate dehydrogenase activity. The chitin, chitin\u2013CaCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, and porous chitin\u2013CaCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> scaffolds were all found to facilitate cell attachment. Hemocyanin dip\u2010coating of these scaffolds led to increased initial cell adhesion, enhanced proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. Since the hemocyanin loading of the scaffolds was impaired by sterilization by gamma\u2010irradiation (as required for biomedical applications), the hemocyanin loading was performed on previously sterilized scaffolds. All scaffolds facilitated osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts, with the highest cell ALP\u2010activity being found on hemocyanin\u2010modified porous chitin\u2013CaCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> scaffolds. Thus, chitin\u2013hemocyanin scaffolds enhanced the initial stages of bone cell development and could serve as promising biomaterials for bone regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.36849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]],"date-time":"2019-11-22T02:44:07Z","timestamp":1574390647000},"page":"694-708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Crayfish hemocyanin on chitin bone substitute scaffolds promotes the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0659-0238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Kruppke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden  Dresden 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