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In our study, we developed an in situ formed hydrogel by crosslinking polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan as a potential vitreous substitute. 5\u2010fluorouracil (5\u2010FU) Poly (lactic\u2010co\u2010glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres were developed and loaded onto the PVA\/chitosan hydrogels to treat PVR. In vitro, PVA\/chitosan hydrogels at four concentrations were subjected to morphological, physical, rheological analyses, and cytotoxicity was evaluated together with the characterization of 5\u2010FU PLGA microspheres. In vivo, pharmacologically induce PVR rabbits were performed a vitrectomy. In the PVA group, 3% PVA\/chitosan hydrogel was injected into the vitreous cavity. In the PVA\/MS group, 3% PVA\/chitosan hydrogel and 5\u2010FU PLGA microspheres were injected. In the Control group, phosphate\u2010buffered saline was injected. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated with postoperative examinations and histological analyses. This study demonstrated that the 3% PVA\/chitosan hydrogel showed properties similar to those of the human vitreous and could be a novel in situ crosslinked vitreous substitute for PVR. Loading 5\u2010FU PLGA microspheres onto this hydrogel may represent an effective strategy to improve the prognosis of PVR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.36995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]],"date-time":"2020-05-18T06:28:52Z","timestamp":1589783332000},"page":"2435-2446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Self\u2010assembling hydrogel loaded with <scp>5\u2010FU PLGA<\/scp> microspheres as a novel vitreous substitute for proliferative vitreoretinopathy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3456-3584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhen","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Angiogenesis Laboratory Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shisi","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengfan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sizhe","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenlin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohe","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songfu","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2010.10.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(99)00016-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.34560"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2004.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0126(199807)46:3<183::AID-PI941>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"310","article-title":"Pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil injection in phakic and pseudophakic eyes; corneal endothelial changes","volume":"9","author":"Farrahi F.","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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