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In this study, fresh tendons were lyophilized and separated into fresh tendon fiber (FTF) bundles, and then the cellular components in FTF were removed to prepare acellular tendon fiber (ATF) without adding chemical detergent. H&amp;E staining and DAPI fluorescence microscopy showed no nucleus and DNA residue. Compared with FTFs, the DNA content of ATFs was significantly lower without the collagen content change before and after decellularization. The microstructure of collagen fibrils in ATFs was intact under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the maximum tensile load and elastic modulus between FTFs and ATFs were not statistically different. The ATF bundles were cultured with SD rat tenocytes for 72\u2009hr and cells attachment to fiber surfaces were observed under SEM. ATF bundles were then implanted into paraspinal muscles, and histological analysis showed fibroblast\u2010like cells within the ATFs and was similar to the control group (fresh tendon autograft) in morphology. H&amp;E staining showed that the number of lymphocytes and plasma cells in ATF was less than that in fresh tendon autograft. ATF bundles were twisted into linear fiber materials by hand, of which the maximum breaking strength was similar to silk with same diameter. These findings demonstrated that ATFs retain their original fibril structure and mechanical properties after decellularization by trypsin and pancreatic deoxyribonuclease without detergent. Lyophilized ATFs linear fiber material provides the possibility of preparing personalized ligament and other tissue engineering scaffolds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.37185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,3]],"date-time":"2021-04-03T01:33:11Z","timestamp":1617413591000},"page":"1931-1941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Preparation and biological characteristics of a bovine acellular tendon fiber material"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Shengyuan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Spine Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery Chang Zheng Hospital, Naval Medical Univeristy (Second Military Medical University) Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spine Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery Chang Zheng 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