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IDD is a severe condition because it decreases the disc's ability to resist mechanical loads. Our research aims to understand IDD at the cellular level, specifically the changes in the viscoelastic properties of the nucleus pulposus (NP), which are poorly understood. This study employed a system integrating nanoindentation with Raman spectrometry to correlate biomechanics with subtle changes in the biochemical makeup of the NP. The characterization was, in turn, correlated with the degenerative severity of IVD as assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of different patients with spinal stenosis, degenerative spondylolisthesis, and degenerative scoliosis. It is shown that there is an increase in the crosslinking ratio in collagen, a reduction in proteoglycan, and a build\u2010up of minerals upon the rise in the severity level of the disc damage in the NP. Assessment of mechanical characteristics reveals that the increasing disc degeneration makes the NP lose its elasticity, becoming more viscous. This shows that the tissue undergoes abnormalities in weight\u2010bearing ability, which contributes to spinal instability. The correlation of the individual discs shows that grades III and IV have similarities in the changes of Amide I and III toward the storage modulus. In contrast, grades IV and V correlate with mineralization toward the storage modulus. Reduction of proteoglycan has the highest impact on the changes of the storage modulus in all grades of IDD. Connecting compositional alterations to IVD micromechanics at various degrees of degeneration expands our understanding of tissue behavior and provides critical insight into clinical diagnostics, treatment, and tissue engineering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.37490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]],"date-time":"2022-12-31T11:24:03Z","timestamp":1672485843000},"page":"1054-1066","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Correlation of the degenerative stage of a disc with magnetic resonance imaging, chemical content, and biomechanical properties of the nucleus pulposus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8685-5517","authenticated-orcid":false,"family":"Azril","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering National Cheng Kung University  Tainan City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuo\u2010Yuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine  Tainan City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Hobley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering National Cheng Kung University  Tainan City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Rouhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering National Cheng Kung University  Tainan City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen\u2010Lung","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine  Tainan City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeau\u2010Ren","family":"Jeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering National Cheng Kung University  Tainan City Taiwan"},{"name":"Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing National Cheng Kung University  Tainan City Taiwan"},{"name":"Medical Device Innovation Center National Cheng Kung University  Tainan City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.6.656"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/medarh.2019.73.421\u2010424"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586\u2010009\u20100918\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041483"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2007.00171.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100150224"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978\u20101\u20104612\u20103448\u20107_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/b978\u20101\u20104160\u20103125\u20103.50011\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2041303310393410"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000224532.42770.c1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2011.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2012.713601"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.32321"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/KEM.606.117"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2018.2878555"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"YuF LiuJ YuS et al.Soft polymer\u2010based cantilever probe for AFM nanoindentation of live mammalian cells in liquid 2015 Transducers \u2010 2015 18th International Conference on Solid\u2010State Sensors Actuators and Microsystems Transducers; 2015:2260\u20102263.10.1109\/TRANSDUCERS.2015.7181412","DOI":"10.1109\/TRANSDUCERS.2015.7181412"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeng Y\u2010R Tan C\u2010M. 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