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Direct irradiation synthesis (DIS) is an energetic ion irradiation method that generates self\u2010organized nanopatterns conformal to the surface of materials with complex geometries (e.g., pores on a material surface). This work exposes porous titanium samples to energetic argon ions generating nanopatterning between and inside pores. The unique porous architected titanium (Ti) structure is achieved by mixing Ti powder with given amounts of spacer NaCl particles (vol % equal to 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70%), compacted and sintered, and combined with DIS to generate a porous Ti with bone\u2010like mechanical properties and hierarchical topography to enhance Ti osseointegration. The porosity percentages range between 25% and 30% using 30\u2009vol % NaCl space\u2010holder (SH) volume percentages to porosity rates of 63%\u201368% with SH volume of 70\u2009vol % NaCl. Stable and reproducible nanopatterning on the flat surface between pores, inside pits, and along the internal pore walls are achieved, for the first time on any porous biomaterial. Nanoscale features were observed in the form of nanowalls and nanopeaks of lengths between 100 and 500\u2009nm, thicknesses of 35\u2010nm and heights between 100 and 200\u2009nm on average. Bulk mechanical properties that mimic bone\u2010like structures were observed along with increased wettability (by reducing contact values). Nano features were cell biocompatible and enhanced in vitro pre\u2010osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. Higher alkaline phosphatase levels and increased calcium deposits were observed on irradiated 50\u2009vol % NaCl samples at 7 and 14\u2009days. After 24\u2009h, nanopatterned porous samples decreased the number of attached macrophages and the formation of foreign body giant cells, confirming nanoscale tunability of M1\u2013M2 immuno\u2010activation with enhanced osseointegration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.37582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]],"date-time":"2023-06-19T10:09:13Z","timestamp":1687169353000},"page":"1850-1865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Nanotextured porous titanium scaffolds by argon ion irradiation: Toward conformal nanopatterning and improved implant osseointegration"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"Civantos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"},{"name":"Nick Holonyak, Jr., Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory 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Kit","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camilo","family":"Jaramillo\u2010Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"},{"name":"The Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering Pennsylvania State University  State College Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Aditya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering Pennsylvania State University  State College Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean 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