{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:41:29Z","timestamp":1767339689937,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R44HL097485"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R44HL097485"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biomedical Materials Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In\u2010stent restenosis and thrombosis remain to be long\u2010term challenges in coronary stenting procedures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro biological responses of trimethylsilane (TMS) plasma nanocoatings modified with NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\/O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (2:1 molar ratio) plasma post\u2010treatment (TMS\u2009+\u2009NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\/O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> nanocoatings) on cobalt chromium (CoCr) alloy L605 coupons, L605 stents, and 316L stainless steel (SS) stents. Surface properties of the plasma nanocoatings with up to 2\u2010year aging time were characterized by wettability assessment and x\u2010ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that TMS\u2009+\u2009NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\/O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> nanocoatings had a surface composition of 41.21\u2009\u00b1\u20091.06\u2009at% oxygen, 31.90\u2009\u00b1\u20091.08\u2009at% silicon, and 24.12\u2009\u00b1\u20091.7\u2009at% carbon, and very small but essential amount of 2.77\u2009\u00b1\u20090.18\u2009at% nitrogen. Surface chemical stability of the plasma coatings was noted with persistent O\/Si atomic ratio of 1.292\u20131.413 and N\/Si atomic ratio of ~0.087 through 2\u2009years. The in vitro biological responses of plasma nanocoatings were studied by evaluating the cell proliferation and migration of porcine coronary artery endothelial cells (PCAECs) and smooth muscle cells (PCASMCs). 3\u2010(4,5\u2010Dimethylthiazol\u20102\u2010yl)\u20102,5\u2010diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay results revealed that, after 7\u2010day incubation, TMS\u2009+\u2009NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\/O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> nanocoatings maintained a similar level of PCAEC proliferation while showing a decrease in the viability of PCASMCs by 73\u2009\u00b1\u200919% as compared with uncoated L605 surfaces. Cell co\u2010culture of PCAECs and PCASMCs results showed that, the cell ratio of PCAEC\/PCASMC on TMS\u2009+\u2009NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\/O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> nanocoating surfaces was 1.5\u2010fold higher than that on uncoated L605 surfaces, indicating enhanced selectivity for promoting PCAEC growth. Migration test showed comparable PCAEC migration distance for uncoated L605 and TMS\u2009+\u2009NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\/O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> nanocoatings. In contrast, PCASMC migration distance was reduced nearly 8.5\u2010fold on TMS\u2009+\u2009NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\/O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> nanocoating surfaces as compared to the uncoated L605 surfaces. Platelet adhesion test using porcine whole blood showed lower adhered platelets distribution (by 70\u2009\u00b1\u200916%), reduced clotting attachment (by 54\u2009\u00b1\u200912%), and less platelet activation on TMS\u2009+\u2009NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\/O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> nanocoating surfaces as compared with the uncoated L605 controls. It was further found that, under shear stress conditions of simulated blood flow, TMS\u2009+\u2009NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\/O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> nanocoating significantly inhibited platelet adhesion compared to the uncoated 316L SS stents and TMS nanocoated 316L SS stents. These results indicate that TMS\u2009+\u2009NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\/O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> nanocoatings are very promising in preventing both restenosis and thrombosis for coronary stent applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.37587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T10:46:53Z","timestamp":1689763613000},"page":"1768-1780","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["In vitro biological responses of plasma nanocoatings for coronary stent applications"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"ThiThuHa","family":"Phan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Missouri  Columbia Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanova, Inc.  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