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Nitric oxide (NO) is a gasotransmitter cell signaling molecule that plays a crucial role in the natural wound healing process due to its antibacterial, anti\u2010inflammatory, cell proliferation, and tissue remodeling abilities. Tranexamic acid (TXA), a prothrombotic agent, has been used topically and systemically to control blood loss in reported cases of epistaxis and combat\u2010related trauma injuries. Its properties could be incorporated in wound dressings to induce immediate clot formation, which is a key factor in controlling excessive blood loss. This study introduces a novel, instant clot\u2010forming NO\u2010releasing dressing, and fabricated using a strategic bi\u2010layer configuration. The layer adjacent to the wound was designed with TXA suspended on a resinous bed of propolis, which is a natural bioadhesive possessing antibacterial and anti\u2010inflammatory properties. The base layer, located furthest away from the wound, has an NO donor, <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\u2010nitroso\u2010<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), embedded in a polymeric bed of Carbosil\u00ae, a copolymer of polycarbonate urethane and silicone. Propolis was integrated with a uniform layer of TXA in variable concentrations: 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5\u2009vol % of propolis. This design of the TXA\u2013SNAP\u2013propolis (T\u2010SP) wound dressing allows TXA to form a more stable clot by preventing the lysis of fibrin. The lactate dehydrogenase\u2010based platelet adhesion assay showed an increase in fibrin activation with 7.5% T\u2010SP as compared with control within the first 15\u2009min of its application. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirmed the presence of a dense fibrin network stabilizing the clot for fabricated dressing. The antibacterial activity of NO and propolis resulted in a 98.9\u2009\u00b1\u20091% and 99.4\u2009\u00b1\u20091% reduction in the colony\u2010forming unit of <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> and multidrug\u2010resistant <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii,<\/jats:italic> respectively, which puts forward the fabricated dressing as an emergency first aid for traumatic injuries, preventing excessive blood loss and soil\u2010borne infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.37738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T04:11:18Z","timestamp":1716264678000},"page":"1930-1940","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Instant clot forming and antibacterial wound dressings: Achieving hemostasis in trauma injuries with <scp><i>S<\/i>\u2010<\/scp>nitroso<scp>\u2010<i>N<\/i><\/scp>\u2010acetylpenicillamine\u2014tranexamic acid\u2014propolis 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