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To overcome this challenge, this study aimed to develop and characterize an injectable vancomycin\u2010loaded silk fibroin\/methylcellulose containing calcium phosphate\u2010based in situ thermosensitive hydrogel (VC\u2010SF\/MC\u2010CAPs). The VC\u2010SF\/MC\u2010CAPs solution can be easily administered at room temperature with a low injectability force of \u226430\u2009N and a high vancomycin (VC) content of ~96%. Additionally, at physiological temperature (37\u2009\u00b0C), the solution could transform into a rigid hydrogel within 7\u2009minutes. In vitro drug release performed under both physiological (pH\u20097.4) and infection conditions (pH\u20094.5) revealed a prolonged release pattern of VC\u2010SF\/MC\u2010CAPs following the Peppas\u2013Sahlin kinetic model. In addition, the released VC from VC\u2010SF\/MC\u2010CAPs hydrogels exhibited antibacterial activity against <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> for a period exceeding 35\u2009days, as characterized by the disk diffusion assay. Furthermore, at pH\u20097.4, the VC\u2010SF\/MC\u2010CAPs demonstrated &gt;60% degradation within 35\u2009days. Importantly, when exposed to physiological pH conditions, CAPs are transformed into bioactive hydroxyapatite, which benefits bone formation. Therefore, VC\u2010SF\/MC\u2010CAPs showed significant potential as a local drug delivery system for treating osteomyelitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.37772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T08:44:21Z","timestamp":1720601061000},"page":"2210-2224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Injectable vancomycin\u2010loaded silk fibroin\/methylcellulose containing calcium phosphate\u2010based in situ thermosensitive hydrogel for local treatment of osteomyelitis: Fabrication, characterization, and in vitro performance evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"112","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6904-8497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Premchirakorn","family":"Phewchan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry Naresuan University  Phitsanulok Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH\u2010CIC), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5827-6411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artit","family":"Laoruengthana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine Naresuan University  Phitsanulok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5504-3433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Supaporn","family":"Lamlertthon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences Naresuan University  Phitsanulok Thailand"},{"name":"The Center of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology Naresuan University  Phitsanulok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8570-0465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waree","family":"Tiyaboonchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry Naresuan University  Phitsanulok Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH\u2010CIC), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2016.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41808"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.03.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/039139880502801106"},{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"257","article-title":"Treatment algorithms for chronic osteomyelitis","volume":"109","author":"Walter G","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e01067"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200508000-00003"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"1027","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of osteomyelitis","volume":"84","author":"Carek PJ","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4081\/idr.2016.6350","article-title":"Management of acute osteomyelitis: a ten\u2010year experience","volume":"8","author":"Helm C","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. 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