{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:45:03Z","timestamp":1791942303093,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,13]],"date-time":"2024-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,13]],"date-time":"2024-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ITR\/2021\/003371"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ITR\/2021\/003371"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biomedical Materials Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sampling of interstitial fluid (ISF) using microneedle (MN) patch offers a pain\u2010free minimally invasive alternative to syringe needle\u2010based blood sample collection. However, there is a challenge in the development of MN patch that provides swelling behavior with sufficient mechanical strength for skin penetration. Here, we report fabrication of MN patch made of biopolymer composite containing iota\u2010carrageenan, gelatin, and polyethylene glycol. Calcium chloride was used as a crosslinker to improve mechanical strength. MN patch was characterized for integrity, swelling behavior, mechanical strength, aspiration of fluid from agarose gel, and the excised porcine ear skin. An array of 361 MNs was able to aspirate 36\u2009\u00b1\u20095 and 14\u2009\u00b1\u20091\u2009\u03bcL fluid after application in agarose gel matrix and the ex vivo porcine skin model, respectively. MN patch applied in vivo rat model for 30\u2009min resulted in the collection of ISF containing 267\u2009\u00b1\u2009128\u2009mg\/dL, 24\u2009\u00b1\u200913\u2009mg\/dL, and 0.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4\u2009mIU\/mL of glucose, uric acid and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), respectively. The concentration of glucose, uric acid, and TSH in rat blood was found to be 199\u2009\u00b1\u200947\u2009mg\/dL, 8.4\u2009\u00b1\u20096\u2009mg\/dL, and 1.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6\u2009mIU\/mL at the same time. Furthermore, MN patch applied on the forearm of 10 healthy human volunteers for 30\u2009min was able to aspirate 32\u2009\u00b1\u200914\u2009\u03bcL of ISF. The concentration of glucose, uric acid, and TSH determined from ISF samples of human volunteers was 64\u2009\u00b1\u200925\u2009mg\/dL, 4.2\u2009\u00b1\u20094.1\u2009mg\/dL, and 0.16\u2009\u00b1\u20090.08\u2009mIU\/mL, respectively. The visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score after MN application was lower compared with hypodermic syringe needle insertion. Taken together, biopolymer composite\u2010based swellable MN patch can be developed for collection of ISF for simultaneous determination of multiple biomolecules in a minimally invasive manner.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.37809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T02:10:27Z","timestamp":1728871827000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Swellable Biopolymer Composite Microneedle Patch for Pain\u2010Free Collection of Interstitial Fluid to Analyze Multiple Biomolecules"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Shreya Shashank","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus  Hyderabad Telangana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditi","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus  Hyderabad Telangana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9686-9525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Venkata Vamsi Krishna","family":"Venuganti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus  Hyderabad Telangana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2012.0188"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03639045.2018.1539497"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2006.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31816778f9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.1c01866"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbsr.2020.100348"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaw0285"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201801262"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181f24406"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.8.2405"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/193229681000400502"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202106061"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","volume-title":"Hyperuricemia","author":"George C.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","volume-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","author":"Thomas K. 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