{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T07:07:11Z","timestamp":1756192031505,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,2]],"date-time":"2025-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004192","name":"National Science and Technology Development Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N42A670604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N42A670604"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004192","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017170","name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017170","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biomedical Materials Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cancer stands as a primary contributor to worldwide mortality, especially reproductive\u2010related cancers (e.g., breast\/cervical cancers among females and prostate cancer among males). Chemotherapy is the most common systemic therapy for cancer, but its adverse effects are concerning. Developing effective and new strategies against cancer is necessary to increase their efficacy and minimize their adverse effect. In this work, the novel core\u2010shell structure of lipid nanoparticle (LNP) was fabricated via a high\u2010throughput microfluidic for chemotherapy drug delivery. A gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone (GnRH), a targeting moiety for the overexpressed GnRH receptors (GnRHR) in cancer cells, was conjugated on chitosan (GnRH\u2010CS) as a shell and used to modify the surface of LNP with doxorubicin loading to form a complex of LNP\u2010dox\u2010GnRH (\u2264\u2009150\u2009nm, PDI ~0.2). The modified surface enhances the binding affinity of the LNP to the breast and prostate cancer cells. For an in\u00a0vitro study, we found that LNP\u2010dox\u2010GnRH can specifically target the GnRHR\u2010overexpressing cancer cells (i.e., MCF\u20107 and PC\u20103) compared with non\u2010targeted LNP\u2010dox. Conversely, there was no difference in the targetability between LNP\u2010dox\u2010GnRHR and non\u2010targeted LNP to MDA\u2010MB\u2010436, a low GnRHR\u2010expressing cancer cell. Furthermore, the enhanced anticancer activity of LNP\u2010dox\u2010GnRH was observed in both monolayer and spheroid cell cultures. This study highlights the advantages of easy customization of payloads and targeting peptides, requiring only a simple coating process that doesn't need specialized expertise. Its flexibility and efficiency enhance the potential for precision therapies, making it ideal for translational applications in treating reproductive\u2010related cancers, GnRH\u2010associated diseases, and other conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.37843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T06:14:51Z","timestamp":1738563291000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Innovative Hybrid Nanocarriers of <scp>GnRH<\/scp> Peptide\u2010Modified Chitosan\u2010Coated Lipid Nanoparticles as a Targeted Chemotherapy for Reproductive\u2010Related Cancers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Phichaporn","family":"Bunwatcharaphansakun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency  Khlong Luang Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nisakorn","family":"Yodsanit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency  Khlong Luang Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1502-9514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wisawat","family":"Keaswejjareansuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency  Khlong Luang Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pattarapond","family":"Gonil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency  Khlong Luang Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sudthirak","family":"Wongkhieo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency  Khlong Luang Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angkana","family":"Jantimaporn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency  Khlong Luang Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Warut","family":"Kengkittipat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chulalongkorn University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Somrudee","family":"Kaewmalun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency  Khlong Luang Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nuttawat","family":"Sawangrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency  Khlong Luang Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teerapong","family":"Yata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University  Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Natural Products and Nanoparticles Research Unit Chulalongkorn University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Warayuth","family":"Sajomsang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency  Khlong Luang Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mattaka","family":"Khongkow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency  Khlong Luang Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3763-9388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katawut","family":"Namdee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency  Khlong Luang Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000001474"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/456409"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13195032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2012.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-20-0442"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-08-0397"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-1-65"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2013.04.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10837450.2012.663389"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2014.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep33894"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"1749","article-title":"Application of Luteinizing Hormone\u2010Releasing Hormone\u2010Ferrosoferric Oxide Nanoparticles in Targeted Imaging of Breast Tumors","volume":"47","author":"Nian D.","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Medicine Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1143261"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"31","volume-title":"Handbook of Hormones,\u00a0Comparative Endocrinology for Basic and Clinical Research","author":"Ando H.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2016.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2021.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2011.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2018.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.5b00474"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-009-9195-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)67947-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","first-page":"789","article-title":"Triple\u2010Negative Breast Cancers Express Receptors for Luteinizing Hormone\u2010Releasing Hormone (LHRH) and Respond to LHRH Antagonist Cetrorelix With Growth Inhibition","volume":"35","author":"Buchholz S.","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-8049(92)90110-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00665786"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4155\/tde.13.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/mp500389v"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2023.105313"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2017.1410256"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12121186"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13155"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbm.a.37843","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]],"date-time":"2025-06-28T12:11:34Z","timestamp":1751112694000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jbm.a.37843"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jbm.a.37843"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbm.a.37843","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1549-3296","1552-4965"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1549-3296"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1552-4965"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e37843"}}