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In this study, we proposed that our developed adherent cell self\u2010aggregation technique (CAT) could be used to develop cell aggregates loaded with contrast particles of a size that would exclude the possibility of endocytosis, and aimed to prepare these aggregates followed by biological and computed tomography (CT) contrast evaluation under X\u2010rays. Once human bone marrow\u2010derived mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs) were seeded into culture dishes coated with CAT\u2010inducing polymer to form gapless cell monolayer sheets, tungsten carbide (WC) particles smaller than 1\u2009\u03bcm or titanium (Ti) particles larger than 10\u2009\u03bcm were added, and thus each particle deposited on the surface of the cell monolayer sheet. During the subsequent overnight incubation, spontaneous detachment and aggregation of the cell monolayer sheets with deposited WC and Ti particles occurred, forming single spherical cell aggregates (spheroids) and loading these particles. Histological analysis confirmed that Ti particles with a diameter of at least 10\u2009\u03bcm were not endocytosed and remained attached to the outside of cells forming spheroids, while WC particles were endocytosed into the cells. The CT images of the Ti\u2010loaded spheroids were clearly visible along the spheroid shape under X\u2010ray irradiation. Then, we confirmed that there was no toxicity to the cells forming the spheroids by loading Ti particles, and the cells could sprout and proliferate by culturing the spheroids. We successfully prepared Ti particle\u2010loaded HBMSCs aggregates with long fiber shape (&gt;\u200910\u2009cm) by applying CAT to a culture dish with a ring\u2010fiber\u2010shaped culture groove and confirmed their clear visibility on CT images under X\u2010ray irradiation, as well as their containment and ejection into a catheter, demonstrating their applicability to catheter\u2010mediated regenerative therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.37964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T11:48:34Z","timestamp":1752234514000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Successful Preparation of Contrast Particle\u2010Loaded Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aggregates Using Adherent Cell Self\u2010Aggregation Technique"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Lupeng","family":"Teng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Natural Science Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Okayama University of Science  Okayama Japan"},{"name":"Institute of Frontier Science and Technology Okayama University of Science  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soichiro","family":"Fukushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery The Jikei University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Division of Regenerative Medicine, Research Center for Medical Sciences The Jikei University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Koizumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Animal Facilities The Jikei University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirotaka James","family":"Okano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Regenerative Medicine, Research Center for Medical Sciences The Jikei University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takao","family":"Ohki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery The Jikei University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Matsuura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Natural Science Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Okayama University of Science  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9771-9959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Iwai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Natural Science Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Okayama University of Science  Okayama Japan"},{"name":"Institute of Frontier Science and Technology Okayama University of Science  Okayama 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