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Polypropylene (PP) is the most common material for surgical mesh, but others have been used clinically. Complications with PP surgical mesh have been attributed to several factors, including the post\u2010implantation degradation of the surgical mesh materials. PP mesh was initially considered to be inert, but evidence of in\u00a0vivo degradation has since been widely reported in retrieved surgical mesh after long\u2010term implantation. This review provides an overview of the physical and mechanical properties of surgical mesh prior to implantation and the post\u2010implantation stability of the mesh materials. We underscore the need to consider the changes in mesh properties after implantation and their potential effects on device safety. This review highlights the importance of characterizing \u201ceffective porosity,\u201d assessing mechanical properties under physiological stresses, understanding the in\u00a0vivo degradation mechanisms, employing accelerated bench\u2010top aging methods to estimate long\u2010term biostability, and developing in\u00a0vitro in\u00a0vivo correlations (IVIVC) to minimize resource\u2010intensive long\u2010term testing and improve patient access to innovative devices. 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