{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T12:08:55Z","timestamp":1779970135032,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32DK120497"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32DK120497"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KL2TR001996"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KL2TR001996"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011912","name":"School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018235","name":"St. Louis Children's Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CDI\u2010CORE\u20102015\u2010505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CDI\u2010CORE\u20102015\u2010505"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018235","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018235","name":"St. Louis Children's Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CDI\u2010CORE\u20102019\u2010813"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CDI\u2010CORE\u20102019\u2010813"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018235","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007338","name":"Foundation for Barnes-Jewish Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3770"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3770"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007338","name":"Foundation for Barnes-Jewish Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4642"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4642"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biomedical Materials Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The vagina is a fibromuscular tube\u2010shaped organ that plays critical roles in menstruation, pregnancy, and female sexual health. Vaginal tissue constituents, including cells and extracellular matrix components, contribute to tissue structure, function, and prevention of injury and pathology. However, much microstructural function remains unknown, including how the fiber\u2010cell and cell\u2013cell interactions influence macromechanical properties. A deeper understanding of these interactions will provide critical information needed to reduce and prevent vaginal pathologies. Our objective for this work is to design a novel tissue\u2010mimicking biomaterial for vaginal tissue engineering, and characterize its biological and mechanical performance in the vaginal microenvironment. We successfully created fiber\u2010reinforced hydrogels of gelatin\u2010elastin electrospun fibers infiltrated with gelatin methacryloyl hydrogels. Further, we extensively characterized its relevant mechanical behavior, including tensile and tear properties. We also demonstrate initial biocompatibility and stability of the composites using primary vaginal epithelial cells in acidic vaginal conditions. This work significantly advances progress in vaginal tissue engineering by developing a physiologically relevant novel material with tunable properties, equipped to investigate biomechanical and cellular mechanisms underlying vaginal function, pathology, and therapeutic intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.70061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T07:06:21Z","timestamp":1773126381000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fiber\u2010Reinforced Composites for Vaginal Tissue Engineering Applications"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5660-5832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samyuktha S.","family":"Kolluru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Women's Health Engineering Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"The Institute of Materials Science &amp; Engineering Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abir","family":"Hamdaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Women's Health Engineering Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annabella M.","family":"Mascot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siobhan S.","family":"Sutcliffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerry L.","family":"Lowder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Women's Health Engineering Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle L.","family":"Oyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Wayne State University  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2674-9541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha G.","family":"Zambuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31486\/TOJ.19.0089"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/MOB.2002.124843"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4063101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4046712"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000000387"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S43032\u2010021\u201000529\u2010Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222\u2010024\u201000252\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crphys.2023.100111"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FMED.2018.00181\/BIBTEX"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010micro\u2010092611\u2010150157"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e31823ea228"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S11837\u2010013\u20100575\u20106\/FIGURES\/2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","unstructured":"C.Marcolin \u201cElectrospinning of Biopolymers for Regenerative Medicine \u201dn.d."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TIBTECH.2014.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2013.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","first-page":"6671","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS","author":"Tonsomboon K.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S11837\u2010023\u201005888\u20102\/FIGURES\/10"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S10856\u2010014\u20105208\u20102\/FIGURES\/7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2015.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.2c00247"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12195\u2010021\u201000715\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ADFM.201909802"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563\u2010019\u20100307\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15081929"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmae013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2020.0036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2016.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b06654"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.946754"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2016.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4034442"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-4533(98)00026-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439\u2010010\u20100153\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.11.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","unstructured":"J. T. W.Goh \u201cBiomechanical Properties of Prolapsed Vaginal Tissue in Pre\u2010and Postmenopausal Women \u201dn.d."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192\u2010016\u20102963\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192\u2010006\u20100214\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192\u2010014\u20102525\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237\u2010009\u20100157\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2024.106509"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107258"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S40168\u2010022\u201001400\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJPHARM.2021.121040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/TEN.TEB.2022.0067\/ASSET\/IMAGES\/TEN.TEB.2022.0067_FIGURE4.JPG"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbm.a.70061","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jbm.a.70061","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbm.a.70061","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T11:49:12Z","timestamp":1779968952000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jbm.a.70061"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jbm.a.70061"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbm.a.70061","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1549-3296","1552-4965"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1549-3296","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-4965","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70061"}}