{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T02:41:39Z","timestamp":1792550499244,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008582","name":"McGill University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008582","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017657","name":"Fondation de l'H\u00f4pital G\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Montr\u00e9al","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017657","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN\u20102025\u201005889"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN\u20102025\u201005889"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biomedical Materials Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Common polymeric surgical biomaterials are susceptible to dysregulated fibrous encapsulation, which contributes to failure in 10% of implantable medical devices. While biomaterial factors influencing the underlying foreign body response have been extensively studied, the role of the implantation site\u2014specifically the tissue microenvironment\u2014remains poorly understood. Here, we explore the tissue\u2010specificity of the foreign body response by evaluating fibrous encapsulation around clinically\u2010relevant synthetic non\u2010biodegradable polymers across distinct tissue microenvironments. We first characterize the physicochemical properties of PDMS, PP, PTFE, HDPE and nylon, and develop a mouse model that enables direct within\u2010animal comparisons of fibrous capsule formation next to skin, bone, fat, fascia and muscle. Using this model and these biomaterials, we histologically assess the extent and quality of fibrous encapsulation at 7 and 28\u2009days for all biomaterial\u2010tissue combinations. At 7\u2009days, capsules adjacent to muscle are the thickest, but\u2014at 28\u2009days\u2014capsules in contact with bone and fascia reach comparable thicknesses, which are significantly greater than those of capsules adjacent to skin. Although PTFE and nylon elicit less fibrous encapsulation at 28\u2009days than some of the other biomaterials, adjacent tissue type has a substantially greater influence on fibrous encapsulation than stiffness, roughness or wettability. Interestingly, more vascularized tissues (i.e., skin and muscle) do not show significant differences in capsule thickness over time, suggesting that they may promote a more rapid initiation and stabilization of the foreign body response. Together, these findings identify adjacent tissue type as a dominant predictor of fibrous encapsulation for common polymeric surgical biomaterials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.70096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T11:34:36Z","timestamp":1779968076000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Tissue\u2010Material Characteristics Determine Fibrous Encapsulation Dynamics Across Common Polymeric Surgical Biomaterials in a Tissue\u2010Specific Mouse Foreign Body Response Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9944-9542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikita","family":"Kalashnikov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgical and Interventional Sciences, Department of Surgery McGill University  Montreal Canada"},{"name":"Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre  Montreal Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences McGill University  Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Thareja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgical and Interventional Sciences, Department of Surgery McGill University  Montreal Canada"},{"name":"Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre  Montreal Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences McGill University  Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8548-6625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Vorstenbosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgical and Interventional Sciences, Department of Surgery McGill University  Montreal Canada"},{"name":"Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre  Montreal Canada"},{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery McGill University Health Centre  Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaax7043","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aax7043","article-title":"An Actuatable Soft Reservoir Modulates Host Foreign Body Response","volume":"4","author":"Dolan E. B.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science Robotics"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2007.11.004","article-title":"Foreign Body Reaction to Biomaterials","volume":"20","author":"Anderson J. M.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Seminars in Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.37983","article-title":"Implantable Medical Devices, Biomaterials, and the Foreign Body Response: A Surgical Perspective","volume":"113","author":"Kalashnikov N.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.10.059","article-title":"Protein Adsorption in Three Dimensions","volume":"33","author":"Vogler E. A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1093\/rb\/rbw041","article-title":"An Overview of the Role of Neutrophils in Innate Immunity, Inflammation and Host\u2010Biomaterial Integration","volume":"4","author":"Selders G. S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Regenerative Biomaterials"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.02.015","article-title":"Macrophages in Tissue Repair, Regeneration, and Fibrosis","volume":"44","author":"Wynn T. A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0098578","article-title":"Engineering Physical Microenvironments to Study Innate Immune Cell Biophysics","volume":"6","author":"Kalashnikov N.","year":"2022","journal-title":"APL Bioengineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201801451","article-title":"Macrophage and Fibroblast Interactions in Biomaterial\u2010Mediated Fibrosis","volume":"8","author":"Witherel C. E.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Advanced Healthcare Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10071794","article-title":"Implant Fibrosis and the Underappreciated Role of Myofibroblasts in the Foreign Body Reaction","volume":"10","author":"Noskovicova N.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.35958","article-title":"The Pathology of the Foreign Body Reaction Against Biomaterials","volume":"105","author":"Klopfleisch R.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-021-00511-y","article-title":"Host\u2010Biomaterial Interactions in Mesh Complications After Pelvic Floor Reconstructive Surgery","volume":"18","author":"Abhari R. E.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Urology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2022.108536","article-title":"Cochlear Implants: Causes, Effects and Mitigation Strategies for the Foreign Body Response and Inflammation","volume":"422","author":"Rahman M. T.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hearing Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-23-131","article-title":"Implant\u2010Based Breast Surgery and Capsular Formation: When, How and Why?\u2014A Narrative Review","volume":"11","author":"Gorgy A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annals of Translational Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4290","article-title":"Size\u2010 and Shape\u2010Dependent Foreign Body Immune Response to Materials Implanted in Rodents and Non\u2010Human Primates","volume":"14","author":"Veiseh O.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820100308","article-title":"Tissue Response to Implanted Polymers: The Significance of Sample Shape","volume":"10","author":"Matlaga B. F.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Materials Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820180407","article-title":"Some Aspects of Macrophage Behavior at the Implant Interface","volume":"18","author":"Salthouse T. N.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Materials Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.34104","article-title":"The Effects of Substrate Stiffness on the in Vitro Activation of Macrophages and in Vivo Host Response to Poly(Ethylene Glycol)\u2010based Hydrogels","volume":"100","author":"Blakney A. K.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-021-00722-z","article-title":"Suppression of the Fibrotic Encapsulation of Silicone Implants by Inhibiting the Mechanical Activation of Pro\u2010Fibrotic TGF\u2010\u03b2","volume":"5","author":"Noskovicova N.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Biomedical Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabd4077","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.abd4077","article-title":"Mechanosensing by TRPV4 Mediates Stiffness\u2010Induced Foreign Body Response and Giant Cell Formation","volume":"14","author":"Goswami R.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science Signaling"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2213837120","article-title":"Macrophages Modulate Stiffness\u2010Related Foreign Body Responses Through Plasma Membrane Deformation","volume":"120","author":"Ni Y.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(19971215)37:4<539::AID-JBM13>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"The Effect of a Subcutaneous Silicone Rubber Implant With Shallow Surface Microgrooves on the Surrounding Tissues in Rabbits","volume":"37","author":"Braber E. T.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Materials Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-021-00739-4","article-title":"The Surface Topography of Silicone Breast Implants Mediates the Foreign Body Response in Mice, Rabbits and Humans","volume":"5","author":"Doloff J. C.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Biomedical Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820260707","article-title":"Biocompatibility Studies on Plasm Polymerized Interface Materials Encompassing Both Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Surfaces","volume":"26","author":"Johnson S. D.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Materials Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c13415","article-title":"Antibacterial Nanostructured Surfaces Modulate Protein Adsorption, Inflammatory Responses, and Fibrous Capsule Formation","volume":"15","author":"Visalakshan R. M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2018.11.002","article-title":"Divergent Immune Responses to Synthetic and Biological Scaffolds","volume":"192","author":"Sadtler K.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2026.1748501","article-title":"Diminished Fibrotic Encapsulation and Comparable Physicochemical Properties of Poly (Styrene\u2010b\u2010Isobutylene\u2010b\u2010Styrene) Support Its Use as a Biomaterial Alternative to Silicone Implants","volume":"14","author":"Kalashnikov N.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(199603)30:3<305::AID-JBM5>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Pillared\u2010Surface Microstructure and Soft\u2010Tissue Implants: Effect of Implant Site and Fixation","volume":"30","author":"Picha G. J.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Materials Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabb4601","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abb4601","article-title":"A Nanofibrous Encapsulation Device for Safe Delivery of Insulin\u2010Producing Cells to Treat Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"13","author":"Wang X.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science Translational Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1002\/term.1688","article-title":"PEG Hydrogel Degradation and the Role of the Surrounding Tissue Environment","volume":"9","author":"Reid B.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaax3799","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aax3799","article-title":"Interleukin 17 and Senescent Cells Regulate the Foreign Body Response to Synthetic Material Implants in Mice and Humans","volume":"12","author":"Chung L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science Translational Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-019-0377-5","article-title":"Long\u2010Term Implant Fibrosis Prevention in Rodents and Non\u2010Human Primates Using Crystallized Drug Formulations","volume":"18","author":"Farah S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.120806","article-title":"Effect of Tissue Microenvironment on Fibrous Capsule Formation to Biomaterial\u2010Coated Implants","volume":"273","author":"Hernandez J. L.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eade9488","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ade9488","article-title":"Identification of a Humanized Mouse Model for Functional Testing of Immune\u2010Mediated Biomaterial Foreign Body Response","volume":"9","author":"Doloff J. C.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science Advances"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-019-0150-z","article-title":"Design of Biodegradable, Implantable Devices Towards Clinical Translation","volume":"5","author":"Li C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bioactive Potential of Natural Biomaterials: Identification, Retention and Assessment of Biological Properties","volume":"6","author":"Joyce K.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2006.07.007","article-title":"Biomaterials: A Primer for Surgeons","volume":"15","author":"Binyamin G.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Seminars in Pediatric Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.5b00429","article-title":"Polymeric Biomaterials for Medical Implants and Devices","volume":"2","author":"Teo A. J. T.","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2007.00822.x","article-title":"Intravital Insights in Skin Wound Healing Using the Mouse Dorsal Skin Fold Chamber","volume":"211","author":"Sorg H.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/969618","article-title":"Surgical Approaches to Create Murine Models of Human Wound Healing","volume":"2011","author":"Wong V. W.","year":"2011","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.08.005","article-title":"Research Techniques Made Simple: Animal Models of Wound Healing","volume":"138","author":"Grada A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Investigative Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar.41.2.80","article-title":"A Systematic Approach for Establishing Humane Endpoints","volume":"41","author":"Morton D. B.","year":"2000","journal-title":"ILAR Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1177\/0023677219883319","article-title":"Defining Body\u2010Weight Reduction as a Humane Endpoint: A Critical Appraisal","volume":"54","author":"Talbot S. R.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Laboratory Animals"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52425","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c18190","article-title":"Reduction in Foreign Body Response and Improved Antimicrobial Efficacy via Silicone\u2010Oil\u2010Infused Nitric\u2010Oxide\u2010Releasing Medical\u2010Grade Cannulas","volume":"13","author":"Douglass M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2019.02.027","article-title":"Pravastatin Regulates Host Foreign\u2010Body Reaction to Polyetheretherketone Implants via miR\u201029ab1\u2010Mediated SLIT3 Upregulation","volume":"203","author":"Liao Y.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2007.06.036","article-title":"Reduced Foreign Body Response at Nitric Oxide\u2010Releasing Subcutaneous Implants","volume":"28","author":"Hetrick E. M.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2012.05.053","article-title":"The Effect of Nitric Oxide Surface Flux on the Foreign Body Response to Subcutaneous Implants","volume":"33","author":"Nichols S. P.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5327","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25581-9","article-title":"Bio\u2010Inspired Poly\u2010DL\u2010Serine Materials Resist the Foreign\u2010Body Response","volume":"12","author":"Zhang D.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000227","article-title":"The Impact of Breast Implant Location on the Risk of Capsular Contraction","volume":"77","author":"Egeberg A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annals of Plastic Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.37762","article-title":"The Cellular and Molecular Properties of Capsule Surrounding Silicone Implants in Humans Vary Uniquely According to the Tissue Type Adjacent to the Implant","volume":"112","author":"Nepon H.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","article-title":"Effects of Subcutaneous Versus Submuscular Tissue Expander Placement on Breast Capsule Formation","volume":"3","author":"Tomita K.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-022-12567-0","article-title":"Prepectoral Versus Subpectoral Implant\u2010Based Breast Reconstruction: A Systemic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"30","author":"Ostapenko E.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annals of Surgical Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2013.08.030","article-title":"Meta\u2010Analysis of Sublay Versus Onlay Mesh Repair in Incisional Hernia Surgery","volume":"207","author":"Timmermans L.","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-015-3252-9","article-title":"Mesh Location in Open Ventral Hernia Repair: A Systematic Review and Network Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"40","author":"Holihan J. L.","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Journal of Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.20038","article-title":"The Role of Implant Alignment on Stability and Particles on Periprosthetic Osteolysis\u2014A Rabbit Model of Implant Failure","volume":"70","author":"Fornasier V. L.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part B, Applied Biomaterials"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25915"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20095","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1105152108","article-title":"Inflammasome Components Asc and Caspase\u20101 Mediate Biomaterial\u2010Induced Inflammation and Foreign Body Response","volume":"108","author":"Malik A. F.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3006","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.3c01961","article-title":"Altered Foreign Body Response at the Posterior Surface Compared to the Anterior Surface of Human Silicone Breast Implants","volume":"10","author":"Nepon H.","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12256","article-title":"Skin Characteristics: Normative Data for Elasticity, Erythema, Melanin, and Thickness at 16 Different Anatomical Locations","volume":"22","author":"Nedelec B.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Skin Research and Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15885","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15830-7","article-title":"Allometric Scaling of Skin Thickness, Elasticity, Viscoelasticity to Mass for Micro\u2010Medical Device Translation: From Mice, Rats, Rabbits, Pigs to Humans","volume":"7","author":"Wei J. C. J.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-013-0933-0","article-title":"Porous Implants Modulate Healing and Induce Shifts in Local Macrophage Polarization in the Foreign Body Reaction","volume":"42","author":"Sussman E. M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-014-0439-7","article-title":"Histological Characterization of Human Breast Implant Capsules","volume":"39","author":"Bui J. M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"NP391\u2013NP401","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjae050","article-title":"Development and Validation of a Diagnostic Histopathological Scoring System for Capsular Contracture Based on 720 Breast Implant Capsules","volume":"44","author":"Larsen A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aesthetic Surgery Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2880","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.8b00444","article-title":"Zwitterionic PEG\u2010PC Hydrogels Modulate the Foreign Body Response in a Modulus\u2010Dependent Manner","volume":"19","author":"Jansen L. E.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2019.119640","article-title":"Developing Mechanically Robust, Triazole\u2010Zwitterionic Hydrogels to Mitigate Foreign Body Response (FBR) for Islet Encapsulation","volume":"230","author":"Liu Q.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28665","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5b10589","article-title":"Micro\u2010 and Nanopatterned Topographical Cues for Regulating Macrophage Cell Shape and Phenotype","volume":"7","author":"Luu T. U.","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2015.12.003","article-title":"Titanium Surface Characteristics, Including Topography and Wettability, Alter Macrophage Activation","volume":"31","author":"Hotchkiss K. M.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Biomaterialia"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3011","DOI":"10.1039\/C8LC00431E","article-title":"Surface Topography and Hydrophilicity Regulate Macrophage Phenotype in Milled Microfluidic Systems","volume":"18","author":"Kosoff D.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lab on a Chip"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201800675","article-title":"Unveiling the Mechanism of Surface Hydrophilicity\u2010Modulated Macrophage Polarization","volume":"7","author":"Lv L.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Advanced Healthcare Materials"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbm.a.70096","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jbm.a.70096","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbm.a.70096","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T11:34:47Z","timestamp":1779968087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jbm.a.70096"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jbm.a.70096"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbm.a.70096","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1549-3296","1552-4965"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1549-3296","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-4965","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70096"}}