{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T18:01:26Z","timestamp":1785002486514,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R37CA302885"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37CA302885"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008510","name":"University of Maryland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008510","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biomedical Materials Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Current preclinical models for cervical dysplasia rely on animal systems that poorly mimic human anatomy. To address this and align with emerging initiatives to reduce animal experimentation, we developed a human\u2010sized, 3D in\u00a0vitro model of high\u2010grade cervical dysplasia. The construct integrates normal human fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and SiHa cancer cells within a gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel, engineered with a cervical \u201cos\u201d and asymmetric lesion to replicate native human cervical architecture. We utilized this platform to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ethyl cellulose\u2013ethanol (EC\u2013ethanol), a novel ablation therapy designed to mitigate the off\u2010target leakage associated with traditional ethanol injections. While control injections of pure ethanol resulted in widespread, non\u2010specific necrosis (approximately 99% cell death), EC\u2013ethanol successfully formed a localized gel depot. High\u2010resolution mapping of the ablation zone demonstrated that EC\u2013ethanol significantly concentrated cytotoxicity within the dysplastic lesion while preserving surrounding healthy tissue. Margin analysis revealed a sharp therapeutic gradient, with cell death normalizing to background levels within approximately 2\u2009mm of the injection site. These findings validate the translational potential of EC\u2013ethanol as a spatially precise intervention and demonstrate the utility of macro\u2010scale 3D models as powerful, ethical alternatives to animal testing for optimizing local drug delivery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.70110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T06:09:51Z","timestamp":1782194991000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Ethyl Cellulose\u2013Ethanol Ablation in a Human\u2010Sized\n                    <scp>3D<\/scp>\n                    Construct of High\u2010Grade Cervical Dysplasia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3832-8832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gatha","family":"Adhikari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3572-778X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaitlin C.","family":"Fogg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University  Corvallis Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenna L.","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland  College Park Maryland 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