{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T08:03:00Z","timestamp":1789459380852,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DUT24YG142"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DUT24YG142"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biomedical Materials Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Effective nose\u2010to\u2010brain delivery is limited by the mucus\u2010mucosal barrier, which severely hinders drug transport after nasal administration. Although nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) offer promising solutions by improving their retention duration in the mucosal layer or promoting mucosal permeation and intracellular uptake, the nanoparticle\u2010mucus interactions, epithelial uptake, and mechanisms supporting transcellular transport in the nasal cavity remain poorly learned. This study was developed to assess the interactions between mucin and NLCs, the absorption and transport capabilities of Cannabidiol (CBD) nanostructured lipid carriers (CBD\u2010NLCs) in rat nasal mucosal epithelial (RNME) cells. Molecular docking (MD) was used to evaluate the interactions between the human mucin protein MUC5AC (hMUC5AC) and some main components of CBD\u2010NLCs. In\u00a0vitro experiments were conducted to assess the mucus penetration of CBD\u2010NLCs. Cellular uptake, localization, and transport mechanisms of coumarin\u20106\u2010labeled NLCs (C6\u2010NLCs) in RNME cells were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy, endocytosis inhibition assays, and transcellular transport assays. Our results show that there were no interactions between the main components of NLCs and hMUC5AC according to MD simulations. In\u00a0vitro experiments, NLCs promoted mucus penetration and had little interaction with mucin. Cellular studies confirmed cytoplasmic (non\u2010nuclear) localization of C6\u2010NLCs in RNME cells, and transport assays showed that the clathrin\u2010mediated endocytic route was a predominant pathway for their internalization. When across the RNME cell monolayer, NLCs had a great benefit on CBD transportation across monolayers of RNME cells. Our results clarify the mechanism by which NLCs enhance mucosal penetration and facilitate cellular trafficking in RNME cells. Their little interaction with mucin, combined with efficient cellular uptake and transcellular transport, supports the potential of NLCs as a promising nanoplatform for nose\u2010to\u2010brain drug delivery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.70133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T05:44:53Z","timestamp":1788587093000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mucus\u2010Penetrating Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: An Effective Approach for Cannabidiol to Pass Across the Nasal Mucus\u2010Mucosal Barrier"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Liyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology  Dalian People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University  Dalian People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology  Dalian People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology  Dalian People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaili","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology  Dalian People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology  Dalian People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital  Dalian People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology  Dalian People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1108-3134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology  Dalian People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2021.120994"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2016.04.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17425247.2024.2339335"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2025.125584"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c11315"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.132107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c08279"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2018.12.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.201700060"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2017.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b18107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.11.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2017.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2024.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1786"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-021-00766-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2022.119110"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.130060"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2023.104404"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2024.113983"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.5c00452"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00773"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.130839"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2019.02.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S143029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b14992"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2012.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.02.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.2c02214"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2024.115196"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b19153"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2016.02.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b15151"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13710"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201608071"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2023.120838"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0NR02171G"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.137771"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01240"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00392"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2017.01.057"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbm.a.70133","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jbm.a.70133","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbm.a.70133","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T07:07:55Z","timestamp":1789456075000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jbm.a.70133"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jbm.a.70133"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbm.a.70133","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1549-3296","1552-4965"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1549-3296","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-4965","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70133"}}