{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T08:02:41Z","timestamp":1789459361072,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#314724\/2021\u20104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#314724\/2021\u20104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biomedical Materials Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Critical bone defects present significant clinical challenges due to their debilitating nature and associated costs. Tissue engineering offers a promising solution, employing biomaterials like porous chitosan (CH) and xanthan gum (XG) membranes as scaffolds for tissue regeneration. Electrical stimulation (ES) and laser (L) therapy, known for osteogenic and anti\u2010inflammatory effects, respectively, may synergistically enhance bone healing when combined with these membranes. This study evaluated CH\/XG membranes and their association with ES and L for the treatment of critical bone defects (25\u2009mm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) created in 80 male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into four groups: untreated, CH\/XG, CH\/XG\u2009+\u2009ES, and CH\/XG\u2009+\u2009L, assessed at days 30 and 90. Histomorphometric and real\u2010time PCR analyses revealed greater tissue and blood vessel formation in the CH\/XG, CH\/XG\u2009+\u2009ES, and CH\/XG\u2009+\u2009L groups compared to the untreated group. At day 30, reduced\n                    <jats:italic>Runx\u20102<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Osx<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression in the treated groups suggested an initial high inflammatory response. The CH\/XG group showed pronounced inflammation (elevated\n                    <jats:italic>Il\u20101\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and pro\u2010inflammatory markers) alongside an anti\u2010inflammatory response. Conversely, compared with the CH\/XG\u2010only group, the CH\/XG\u2009+\u2009ES and CH\/XG\u2009+\u2009L groups generally showed lower expression of the evaluated pro\u2010inflammatory markers after 30\u2009days, together with treatment\u2010 and time\u2010dependent changes in anti\u2010inflammatory markers. Although inflammation limited the initial effectiveness of CH\/XG membranes, significant positive impacts were observed after 90\u2009days. Combining membranes to cover bone defects and adjunctive therapies, as demonstrated in this study, emerges as a beneficial approach for enhancing bone repair outcomes. Adding osteoconductive or osteoinductive fillers may bring further healing improvements.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.70152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T13:01:03Z","timestamp":1788872463000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Innovative In\u00a0Vivo Approaches to Bone Regeneration: Combining Chitosan\u2010Xanthan Gum Membranes, Electrical\u00a0Stimulation, and Laser Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0599-2742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia Eduarda Schneider","family":"Greg\u00f3rio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Center of Herm\u00ednio Ometto Foundation  Araras SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3006-1619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata 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Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas \u2010  Campinas SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5813-332X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c2ngela Maria","family":"Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering of Materials and of Bioprocesses School of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas \u2010  Campinas SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3490-5030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milton","family":"Santamaria\u2010Jr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Center of Herm\u00ednio Ometto Foundation  Araras SP Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program of Orthodontics, University Center of Herm\u00ednio Ometto Foundation  Araras SP Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Social and Pediatric Dentistry College of Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, S\u00e3o Paulo State University  S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4418-1080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guilherme Ferreira","family":"Caetano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Center of Herm\u00ednio Ometto Foundation  Araras SP Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program of Orthodontics, University Center of Herm\u00ednio Ometto Foundation  Araras SP Brazil"},{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, S\u00e3o Paulo University (USP)  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto SP 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