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Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a commonly used synthetic polymer material in the construction of vascular grafts. However, PCL alone has limited bioactivity, which may affect its blood\u2010contacting and tissue responses when used in small\u2010diameter vascular grafts. Fish swim bladder\u2010derived extracellular matrix (FSB\u2013ECM) contains bioactive components such as collagen and has been investigated as a cardiovascular biomaterial, although its mechanical properties are limited. In this study, fish swim bladder\u2010derived dECM was incorporated into PCL by electrospinning to fabricate a series of small\u2010diameter vascular grafts. The study first confirmed that dECM was successfully loaded onto PCL fibers and significantly improved the hydrophilicity and degradation performance of the material. Based on the in\u00a0vitro and ex\u00a0vivo evaluations, the 15% PCL\u2013dECM (3:7) formulation was selected for further in\u00a0vivo testing because it showed a favorable balance of mechanical properties and hemocompatibility, including low platelet activation. Subsequent in\u00a0vivo evaluation in a rat abdominal artery implantation model demonstrated that this dECM\u2010modified graft achieved a 100% patency rate. Furthermore, it exhibited significant anti\u2010inflammatory effects and was conducive to the organized deposition of extracellular matrix components, such as collagen and elastic fibers. This work successfully developed a novel small\u2010diameter vascular graft that possesses both excellent bioactivity and mechanical properties. Our findings offer a promising strategy and a solid experimental foundation, supporting the future clinical translation of small\u2010diameter vascular grafts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.70154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T03:58:27Z","timestamp":1789703907000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Decellularized Fish Swim Bladder Extracellular Matrix\u2013Polycaprolactone Composite Material for Application in Small\u2010Diameter Vascular Grafts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Yifan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences Tiangong University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences Tiangong University  Tianjin 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