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Aqueous extraction of GB yields a multicomponent formulation containing hydrophilic bioactive constituents that are prone to rapid release and poor retention under physiological conditions, thereby limiting their utility in implant\u2010based delivery systems. To address this limitation, GB was encapsulated within liposomes to mitigate burst release and enable sustained delivery from implant surfaces. When incorporated onto plasma\u2010sprayed hydroxyapatite\u2010coated Ti6Al4V substrates, liposomal encapsulation reduced burst release within the first 48\u2009h by 18% at pH\u20095.0 and 27% at pH\u20097.4. The formulation reduced osteosarcoma cell viability by 58%\u2009\u00b1\u20097% after 11\u2009days and decreased\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    viability by 78%\u2009\u00b1\u20093% and 45%\u2009\u00b1\u20096%, respectively, within 48\u2009h. Importantly, the system exhibited no cytotoxic effects toward osteoblasts, as demonstrated by MTT cell viability assays. In\u00a0vivo evaluation of GB\u2010treated implants after 6\u2009weeks further demonstrated no adverse effect on early bone formation, with histological analysis showing a trend toward increased bone formation relative to control implants. These results demonstrate the feasibility of stabilizing and delivering a complex, hydrophilic natural extract from implant surfaces using liposomal encapsulation while maintaining osteoblast compatibility and without adversely affecting early bone formation in\u00a0vivo.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.70160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T05:52:02Z","timestamp":1790574722000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hydroxyapatite\u2010Coated\n                    <scp>Ti6Al4V<\/scp>\n                    With Liposome\u2010Encapsulated Gooseberry Extract for Orthopedic Applications"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1177-7775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryson","family":"White","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"W. M. 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