{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T14:53:02Z","timestamp":1792162382445,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R15AR071102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R15AR071102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biomedical Materials Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Type I collagen is a biomaterial of preferred choice due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to support cell adhesion and proliferation. However, the use of collagen hydrogels in tissue engineering (TE) is limited due to poor mechanical properties and low stability. This study introduces a novel dual\u2010modification strategy to enhance collagen properties by combining UVA\u2010mediated riboflavin\/sodium persulfate (RF\/SPS) photocrosslinking with the incorporation of unsonicated silk fibroin (SF), an approach not previously reported. Collagen hydrogels were fabricated in four variations: uncrosslinked collagen (UXL\u2010C), UVA\u2010mediated RF\/SPS photocrosslinked collagen (XL\u2010C), SF incorporated UVA\u2010RF\/SPS photocrosslinked collagen using two different collagen:SF ratios (XL\u2010CS 1:1 w\/w) and (XL\u2010CS 1:2 w\/w). Mechanical testing and stability results showed that combining UVA\u2010RF\/SPS photocrosslinking and SF incorporation significantly enhanced (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) the compressive modulus and increased mass\u2010retention of collagen hydrogels suggesting that the addition of unsonicated SF improves the mechanical properties and stability of photochemically crosslinked collagen hydrogels. All hydrogel compositions exhibit shear\u2010thinning behavior demonstrating applicability for extrusion\u2010based 3D printing via Freeform Reversible Embedding of Suspended Hydrogels (FRESH)\u2010based methodology. 3D printed SF\u2010incorporated collagen constructs showed improved shape fidelity compared to constructs printed with collagen\u2010only inks. In\u00a0vitro cell culture studies revealed that all hydrogel formulations supported cell viability and metabolic activity over 7\u2009days of culture. Together, these findings demonstrate that combining UVA\u2010mediated RF\/SPS photocrosslinking and unsonicated SF incorporation is a viable strategy to improve the mechanical properties, stability, and printability of collagen hydrogels for biomedical and TE applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.70165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T09:27:39Z","timestamp":1792142859000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dual Modification of Collagen Hydrogels Using\n                    <scp>UVA<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Riboflavin Crosslinking and Silk Fibroin Incorporation to Enhance Mechanical Properties, Stability, and Printability"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Nithyashri Muthu","family":"Vijayan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Florida Institute of Technology  Melbourne Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0548-724X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diya Pillai","family":"Babu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Florida Institute of Technology  Melbourne Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1623-3065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beste","family":"Caner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Florida Institute of Technology  Melbourne Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4170-2984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rohin","family":"Shyam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Organ Mimics Engineering (HOME) Lab, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics Vellore Institute of Technology  Vellore Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6510-7760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arunkumar","family":"Palaniappan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Organ Mimics Engineering (HOME) Lab, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics Vellore Institute of Technology  Vellore Tamil Nadu India"},{"name":"Department of Health Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences SRM University\u2010AP  Guntur Andhra Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2559-1789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vipuil","family":"Kishore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Florida Institute of Technology  Melbourne Florida USA"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Florida Institute 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