{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T10:41:10Z","timestamp":1792665670116,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23K08670"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K08670"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["26K12055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26K12055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008662","name":"Murata Science and Education Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A11Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A11Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008662","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biomedical Materials Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Apatite\u2010based bone graft materials are widely used for bone repair; however, their limited bioactivity and slow remodeling often hinder replacement by newly formed bone. Electrical surface polarization has emerged as a promising strategy for modifying the surface properties of apatite\u2010based biomaterials without altering their chemical composition. This study investigated whether different degrees of electrical polarization produce distinct biological responses in apatite\u2010based materials. Synthesized carbonate apatite (CA) was used for mechanistic in\u00a0vitro evaluation, whereas a clinically relevant xenograft material was employed for in\u00a0vivo validation. Material characterization confirmed the formation of B\u2010type CA with a bone\u2010like mineral composition. Thermally stimulated depolarization current measurements verified successful induction of surface charges, with polarization intensity dependent on treatment conditions. In\u00a0vitro studies using human peripheral blood\u2010derived osteoclast precursors demonstrated that electrically polarized CA surfaces significantly enhanced osteoclast differentiation and resorptive activity compared with nonpolarized controls, with the strongest effects observed under higher polarization conditions. Increased resorption pit depth and volume further indicated enhanced osteoclast functionality. In\u00a0vivo implantation of polarized xenograft materials into rat femoral defects resulted in significantly greater early bone formation and increased bone\u2013material affinity than nonpolarized materials. Histological evaluation and affinity index analysis demonstrated more favorable early tissue responses under higher polarization conditions. These findings indicate that electrical surface polarization modulates osteoclast\u2013material interactions and influences early bone healing responses in a polarization\u2010dependent manner. Electrical polarization may therefore represent a useful surface functionalization strategy for apatite\u2010based bone graft materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.70176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T10:12:07Z","timestamp":1792663927000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Electrical Surface Polarization as a Functionalization Strategy to Improve Bone Regeneration of Apatite\u2010Based Graft Materials"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Katja","family":"Hrovat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicity Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leire","family":"Bergara\u2010Muguruza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicity Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rumi","family":"Hiratai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering Institute of Science Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ari","family":"Alho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Turku University Hospital and University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maarit","family":"Laine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Turku University Hospital and University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keijo","family":"M\u00e4kel\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Turku University Hospital and University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimihiro","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science Institute of Science Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Advanced Central Research Organization Teikyo University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miho","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicity Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine University of Turku  Turku Finland"},{"name":"Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering Institute of Science Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"La Salle Campus Barcelona Ramon Llull University  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1749\u2010799X\u20109\u201018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0147\u20107447\u201020020502\u201004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12517"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.2065"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.31529"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1806\u201083242008000100002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ID.0000000000000738"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2010.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600\u2010051x.2003.01099.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11092491"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb14050286"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.35125"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.201900572"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d3ra02248j"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202414969"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2025.110841"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202204502"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202302858"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.3c00453"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214495"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.32404"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2009.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.34790"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/am900341v"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.31080"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345930720090401"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002160000368"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00369214"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c14358"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.5b00509"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/206403a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02556214"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2016.01.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1551\u20102916.2008.02766.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.32354"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.30701"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2009.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4791786"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13619\u2010024\u201000205\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cphc.202300505"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2012.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2005.04.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1999.14.5.669"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.10270"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbm.a.70176","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jbm.a.70176","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbm.a.70176","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T10:12:08Z","timestamp":1792663928000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jbm.a.70176"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jbm.a.70176"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbm.a.70176","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1549-3296","1552-4965"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1549-3296","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-4965","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70176"}}