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Tobramycin elution from silicate\u2010xerogel\u2010encapsulated VITOSS was compared directly with non\u2010silicate\u2010xerogel\u2010encapsulated VITOSS to assess whether xerogels are effective in delivering greater tobramycin quantities in a controllable, sustained manner crucial for microbial inhibition. Tobramycin elution characteristics indicate an initial release maximum during the first 24 h that diminishes gradually several days after impregnation. The copious tobramycin quantity eluted from the VITOSS\/silicate\u2010xerogel systems is attributed to various factors: the intrinsic ultraporosity and hydrophilicity of VITOSS, the ability of tobramycin to completely dissolve in aqueous media, tobramycin complexation with highly polar SO<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tex2gif-stack-1.gif\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:15524973:media:JBM30014:tex2gif-stack-1\" \/> salts that further assist dissolution, and ionic exchanges between VITOSS and the environment. Silicate\u2010xerogel\u2013encapsulated VITOSS eluted 60.65 and 61.31% of impregnated tobramycin, whereas non\u2010silicate\u2010xerogel\u2013encapsulated VITOSS eluted approximately one\u2010third less impregnated tobramycin, at 21.53 and 23.60%. These results suggest that silicate xerogel optimizes tobramycin elution because of its apparent biodegradability. This mechanism occurs through xerogel superficial acidic sites undergoing exchanges with various ions present in the leaching buffer. Tobramycin elution kinetics were evaluated, and demonstrate that first\u2010order elution rate constants are considerably less when silicate xerogels are employed, following a more uniform exponential decay\u2010type mechanism, thus bolstering controlled release. Overall, tobramycin elution rates adhere to linear\u2010type Higuchi release profiles. Elution rate constants are initially first order, and taper into zero\u2010order elution kinetics in the latter stages of release. Because VITOSS and silicate xerogel are completely biodegradable, essentially all impregnated tobramycin will be delivered to the surgical site after implantation. \u00a9 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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