{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T17:20:00Z","timestamp":1789147200867,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,30]],"date-time":"2004-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1083283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swedish Strategic Research Fund, Swedish Medical Research Council","award":["09509"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09509"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004817","name":"Medical Faculty of Lund University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004817","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010814","name":"Stiftelsen f\u00f6r bist\u00e5nd \u00e5t r\u00f6relsehindrade i Sk\u00e5ne","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010814","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biomed Mater Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is important to compare different contrast media used in bone cement according to their ability to attenuate X\u2010rays and thereby produce image contrast between bone cement and its surroundings in clinical applications. The radiopacity of bone cement is often evaluated by making radiographs of cement in air at an X\u2010ray tube voltage of 40 kV. We have developed a method for ranking contrast media in bone cement simulating the clinical situation, by (1) choosing the same X\u2010ray tube voltage as used in clinical work, and (2) using a water phantom to imitate the effects of the patients' soft tissue on the X\u2010ray photons. In clinical work it is desirable to have <jats:italic>low<\/jats:italic> radiation dose, but <jats:italic>high<\/jats:italic> image contrast. The voltage chosen is a compromise, because <jats:italic>both<\/jats:italic> dose and image contrast decrease with higher voltage. Three contrast media (ZrO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, BaSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, and Iodixanol) have been compared for degree of \u201cimage contrast.\u201d Comparing 10 wt % contrast media samples at an X\u2010ray tube voltage of 40 kV, ZrO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> produced higher image contrast than the other media. However, at 80 kV, using a water phantom, the results were <jats:italic>reversed<\/jats:italic>, ZrO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> produced lower image contrast than both BaSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> and Iodixanol. We conclude that evaluations of contrast media should be made with voltages and phantoms imitating the clinical application. \u00a9 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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