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The agents being developed include glutaraldehyde crosslinked collagen, dextranomer\/hyaluronic acid copolymer, pyrolytic carbon\u2010coated zirconium oxide beads, polydimethyl\u2010siloxane microparticles, polytetrafluoroethylene paste, autologous fats, autologous chondrocytes, and others. Though less invasive nature of these agents has gained their popularity as a quick solution of the disease symptoms, most of such treatments fail to produce good long\u2010term efficacy. The failure is likely caused by the rapid degradation of material implants and the lack of tissue regeneration\/integration properties. We thus believe that a good injectable biomaterial for incontinence should possess the following two properties: (1) to resist degradation and to reside in the implantation sites for a long period of time or (2) to enhance tissue regeneration and to establish permanent periurethral or subureteric tissue. Here we report some recent results for supporting this hypothesis. \u00a9 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.30428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,6]],"date-time":"2005-10-06T20:16:47Z","timestamp":1128629807000},"page":"171-178","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Injectable biomaterials for incontinence and vesico\u2010ureteral reflux: Current status and future 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