{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T18:17:38Z","timestamp":1761675458727},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,22]],"date-time":"2007-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1172102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biomed Mater Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Heart valve disease is a significant cause of mortality worldwide. However, to date, a nonthrombogenic, noncalcific prosthetic, which maintains normal valve mechanical properties and hemodynamic flow, and exhibits sufficient fatigue properties has not been designed. Current prosthetic designs have not been optimized and are unsuitable treatment for congenital heart defects. Research is therefore moving towards the development of a tissue engineered heart valve equivalent. Two approaches may be used in the creation of a tissue engineered heart valve, the traditional approach, which involves seeding a scaffold <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, in the presence of specific signals prior to implantation, and the guided tissue regeneration approach, which relies on autologous reseeding <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. Regardless of the approach taken, the design of a scaffold capable of supporting the growth of cells and extracellular matrix generation and capable of withstanding the unrelenting cardiovascular environment while forming a tight seal during closure, is critical to the success of the tissue engineered construct. This paper focuses on the quest to design, such a scaffold. \u00a9 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2007<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.30763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,22]],"date-time":"2007-02-22T23:39:28Z","timestamp":1172187568000},"page":"16-43","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Approaches to heart valve tissue engineering scaffold design"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"83B","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Brody","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abhay","family":"Pandit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.171600"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mtc.2003.76"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(99)00745-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","first-page":"23","volume-title":"The Aortic Valve","author":"Thubrikar MJ","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0309190031000096621"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(95)00279-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.429624"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-8807(96)00115-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.59.3.310"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(98)00171-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mtc.2003.48"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/107632703322066660"},{"issue":"19","key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","first-page":"III44","article-title":"Functional living trileaflet heart valves grown in vitro","volume":"102","author":"Hoerstrup SP","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/107632701300003250"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2003.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(00)00373-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2004.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-006-9163-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000130462.50769.5a"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.2006.12.905"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.1992.32197"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.1990.16373"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-8807(01)00109-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2005.05.100"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(03)00094-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2005.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000185326.04010.9f"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10623329909078494"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002480-200001000-00025"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1594.2002.07004.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(95)00733-4"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_5_33_2","first-page":"II164","article-title":"Tissue\u2010engineered heart valves. Autologous valve leaflet replacement study in a lamb model","volume":"94","author":"Shinoka T","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_5_34_2","first-page":"II102","article-title":"Tissue\u2010engineered heart valve leaflets: Does cell origin affect outcome?","volume":"96","author":"Shinoka T","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(96)01005-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/039139880102400907"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/JLongTermEffMedImplants.v11.i34.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(02)03910-3"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_5_39_2","first-page":"I143","article-title":"Tissue engineering of functional trileaflet heart valves from human marrow stromal cells","volume":"106","author":"Hoerstrup SP","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(02)03776-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_2","first-page":"308","article-title":"Evolution of cell phenotype and extracellular matrix in tissue\u2010engineered heart valves during in\u2010vitro maturation and in\u2010vivo remodeling","volume":"11","author":"Rabkin E","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2004.02.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.498378"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/107632700320793"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(00)01255-8"},{"issue":"19","key":"e_1_2_5_46_2","first-page":"III22","article-title":"Early in vivo experience with tissue\u2010engineered trileaflet heart valves","volume":"102","author":"Sodian R","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(02)00093-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.30149"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0885328205048630"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_50_2","first-page":"296","article-title":"Repopulation of freeze\u2010dried porcine valves with human fibroblasts and endothelial cells","volume":"6","author":"Curtil A","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.20025"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_52_2","first-page":"97","article-title":"A tissue engineered heart valve implanted in a juvenile sheep model","volume":"9","author":"Dohmen PM","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(03)00353-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(02)04706-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2004.03.106"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2004.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2004.12.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.30412"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1160\/TH05-01-0025"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_60_2","first-page":"278","article-title":"Decellularization does not eliminate thrombogenicity and inflammatory stimulation in tissue\u2010engineered porcine heart valves","volume":"15","author":"Kasimir MT","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"issue":"19","key":"e_1_2_5_61_2","first-page":"III50","article-title":"Tissue engineering of pulmonary heart valves on allogenic acellular matrix conduits: In vivo restoration of valve tissue","volume":"102","author":"Steinhoff G","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_62_2","first-page":"287","article-title":"Flow\u2010dependent re\u2010endothelialization of tissue\u2010engineered heart valves","volume":"15","author":"Lichtenberg A","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2006.03.047"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_5_64_2","first-page":"I63","article-title":"Construction of autologous human heart valves based on an acellular allograft matrix","volume":"106","author":"Cebotari S","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(01)00624-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.30493"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2004.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-16108"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_69_2","first-page":"298","article-title":"Human cardiac valve interstitial cells in collagen sponge: A biological three\u2010dimensional matrix for tissue engineering","volume":"11","author":"Taylor PM","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_70_2","first-page":"478","article-title":"Porcine aortic valve interstitial cells in three\u2010dimensional culture: Comparison of phenotype with aortic smooth muscle cells","volume":"13","author":"Butcher JT","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2005.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.2006.12.891"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/107632702320934146"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002480-200211000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_75_2","first-page":"35","article-title":"Towards tissue engineering of a composite aortic valve","volume":"38","author":"Shi Y","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biomed Sci Instrum"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.10095"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2005.10.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pat.178"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.2004.10.1725"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.542837"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3727\/000000004773301852"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.4.6.801"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000331975600700509"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3089.2000.00052.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0397-282"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3089.2000.00052.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mtc.2001.112530"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cryo.1996.1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(95)98967-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_90_2","unstructured":"BrennerS SchulzT Schenke\u2010LaylandK OpitzF HalbhuberKJ StockU.Continued proteolitic activity in decellularised porcine heart valves. In: Advances in Tissue Engineering and Biology of Heart Valves. Florence Italy September 15\u201318 2004. p101."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_91_2","first-page":"1827","article-title":"Effects of modified acellularization process on porcine endogenous retroviruses in porcine aorta valves","volume":"85","author":"Gu CH","year":"2005","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9084(01)01294-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2004.00007.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(00)00148-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(97)00122-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02344779"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(00)00126-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1594.1998.06182.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088532829300700402"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0958-1669(99)80021-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0695-565"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi961636z"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-17807"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.10131"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4636(200101)54:1<115::AID-JBM14>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.10605"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.10061"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.10588"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjbm.b.30763","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbm.b.30763","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T08:45:56Z","timestamp":1697100356000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jbm.b.30763"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,22]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jbm.b.30763"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbm.b.30763","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-4973","1552-4981"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-4973","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-4981","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,22]]}}}