{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T11:36:51Z","timestamp":1774697811723,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,18]],"date-time":"2007-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1179446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biomed Mater Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Background: Total hip replacement can be complicated by periprosthetic osteolysis. Monocytes\/macrophages play a major role in the formation of the foreign body granulomas induced by wear debris. We hypothesized that periprosthetic monocytes\/macrophages do not only accelerate inflammatory and osteoclast\u2010mediated osteolytic processes, but also resorb periprosthetic bone directly by themselves. This study was designed to evaluate the osteolytic potential <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> of monocytes\/macrophages derived from bone marrow. <jats:bold><jats:italic>Methods:<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold> Monocytes\/macrophages were produced by filtration of rat bone marrow cells, followed by culture in the presence of macrophage\u2010colony stimulating factor (M\u2010CSF). Monocyte\/macrophage properties were ascertained using immunocytochemistry and phagocytic activity. Osteolytic cytokines and extracellular matrix degrading proteinases were quantified at the mRNA level. <jats:bold><jats:italic>Results:<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold> Adherent cell fraction was immunoreactive for the monocyte\/macrophage specific marker CD68 and active in the phagocytosis of carbon particles up to 72 h. They also showed immunoreactivity to cathepsin K, IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, and M\u2010CSF, but mostly did not react to TRAP. mRNA levels of osteolytic cytokines and extracellular matrix degrading proteinases were enhanced, but that of RANKL were not. Monocytes\/macrophages resorbed dentine discs and carbonated calcium phosphate was very actively resorbed after stimulation with titanium particles. <jats:bold><jats:italic>Discussion:<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold> Harvested bone marrow cells expressed monocyte\/macrophage phenotype, but not osteoclastic markers. The capacity of these cathepsin\u2010K\u2013positive phagocytic cells to resorb dentine discs and carbonated calcium phosphate <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> suggests a direct role of monocytes\/macrophages in bone resorption and periprosthetic osteolysis. The finding supports our hypothesis and previous histomorphometric observations on the presence of such osteolytic macrophages <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> around loosening prosthesis. \u00a9 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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