{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:40:47Z","timestamp":1791304847291,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,26]],"date-time":"2007-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1182816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biomed Mater Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Wear particles produced from total joint replacements have been shown to stimulate a foreign body and chronic inflammatory reaction that results in periprosthetic osteolysis. Most animal models that simulate these events have used a single injection of particles, which is not representative of the clinical scenario, in which particles are continuously generated. The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of an osmotic pump for the continuous delivery of clinically relevant submicron\u2010sized particles over an extended period of time. Blue\u2010dyed polystyrene particles and retrieved ultra\u2010high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) particles, both suspended in mouse serum, were loaded into an Alzet mini\u2010osmotic pump. Pumps were attached to vinyl tubing that ended with hollow titanium rods, simulating a metal implant, which was suspended in a collection vessel. The number of particles collected was evaluated over 2\u2010 and 4\u2010week time periods. Delivery of both the polystyrene and UHMWPE particles was feasible over pump concentrations of 10<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup> to 10<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup> particles per pump. Furthermore, delivery efficiency of polystyrene particles decreased with increasing initial particle concentration, whereas delivery efficiency of UHMWPE particles increased slightly with increasing initial particle concentration. For UHMWPE, approximately one\u2010third of the particles in the pump were collected at 4 weeks. This <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> study has quantified the efficiency of a unique particle pumping system that may be used in future <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> investigations to develop a murine model of continuous particle infusion. \u00a9 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 2008<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.30875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,26]],"date-time":"2007-06-26T18:47:49Z","timestamp":1182883669000},"page":"328-333","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Validation and quantification of an <i>in vitro<\/i> model of continuous infusion of submicron\u2010sized particles"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"84B","author":[{"given":"Steven G.","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noah J.","family":"Epstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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