{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T02:48:33Z","timestamp":1775011713215,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]],"date-time":"2009-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1246406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biomed Mater Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dental endodontic sealers are in intimate contact with tissues around the root apex (periapical area) for extended periods. New endodontic sealers have been developed in the past decade, but the biological responses to many new products are not well documented. In this study, we assessed <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> monocytic cytotoxic and inflammatory responses to several contemporary endodontic sealers. AH\u2010Plus (AH), Pulp Canal Sealer (PC), Epiphany (EPH), Endo\u2010Rez (ER), and an experimental Endo\u2010Rez (ERx) were initially placed in buffered\u2010saline for 12 weeks to simulate <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> use. After \u201caging,\u201d specimens were placed in direct contact with THP1 monocytes for 72 h and their cytotoxicity (mitochondrial response; MTT) or ability to trigger or suppress cytokine secretion (ELISA; TNF\u03b1, IL1\u03b2, IL=6; +\/\u2212 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure) were measured relative to Teflon\u00ae (Tf) negative controls. Cellular responses among conditions were compared with ANOVA and Tukey <jats:italic>post\u2010hoc<\/jats:italic> analysis (\u03b1 = 0.05). Two of the five sealers, EPH and PC, still suppressed cell mitochondrial activity by 70% or more after 12 weeks of conditioning in saline. No sealer alone activated monocytic TNF\u03b1, IL1\u03b2, or IL6 secretion (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05 vs. +LPS controls). When THP1 were activated by LPS after exposure to the sealers, differential suppression of TNF\u03b1, IL1\u03b2, and IL6 secretion was observed for two of the five sealers tested. (EPH and PC) This data suggest that common endodontic sealers do not activate monocytic TNF\u03b1, IL1\u03b2, and IL6 secretion <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> by themselves, but degradation products of the sealers may suppress activation of monocytes. \u00a9 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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