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A nonwoven polymer\/ceramic composite fabric composed of randomly mixed microsized biodegradable PLGA fibers and nanosized bioactive SiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2013CaO gel fibers was prepared using a simultaneous electrospinning method. A 17 wt.% PLGA solution was prepared using 1,1,3,3\u2010hexafluoro\u20102\u2010propanol as a solvent, while the SiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2013CaO gel solution was prepared via a condensation reaction following hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate under acidic conditions. PLGA and SiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2013CaO gel solutions were spun simultaneously with two separate nozzles under electric fields of 1 and 2 kV\/cm using two syringe pumps with flow rates of 7.5 and 5 mL\/h, respectively. As controls, low and high degradable PLGA and SiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2013CaO gel nonwoven fabrics were also made by the same methods. The five nonwoven fabrics that were produced were exposed to simulated body fluid (SBF) for 1 week. SBF exposure resulted in the deposition of a layer of apatite crystals on the surfaces of both the SiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2013CaO gel and the low degradable PLGA\/SiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2013CaO gel composite fabrics, but not on the low and high degradable PLGA or the high degradable PLGA\/SiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2013CaO gel composite fabrics. The results are explained in terms of the acidity of the PLGA degradation products, which could have a direct influence on apatite dissolution. \u00a9 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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