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Although most of the nerve guides in studies are basically limited to bridge a short gap of nerve defect in rat models, it is vital to evaluate effects of conduits on nerve regeneration over distance greater than 20 mm, or more clinically relevant nerve gap lengths in higher mammals. In this study, a poly(lactide\u2010<jats:italic>co<\/jats:italic>\u2010glycolide) (PLGA) nerve conduit, treated with pulsed plasma and coated with ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) as well as chitosan, was used to repair 25\u2010mm\u2010long canine tibial nerve defects in eighteen cross\u2010bred dogs. The canines were randomly divided into three groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 6), a 25\u2010mm segment of the tibial nerve was removed and replaced by a PLGA\/chitosan\u2010CNTF nerve conduit, PLGA\/chitoson conduit and autologous nerve grafts were performed as the control. The results were evaluated by general observation, eletromyogram testing, S\u2010100 histological immunostaining, and image analysis at 3 months after operation. The histological results demonstrated that the PLGA\/chitosan\u2010CNTF conduits and PLGA\/chitosan conduits were capable of leading the damaged axons through the lesioned area. Through the comparation of the three groups, the results in PLGA\/chitosan\u2010CNTF conduits group were better than that of PLGA\/chitosan conduits group, while they were similar to autologous nerve grafts group. Therefore, CNTF\u2010coated PLGA\/chitosan nerve conduits could be an alternative artificial nerve conduit for nerve regeneration. \u00a9 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.31696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,29]],"date-time":"2010-08-29T18:07:34Z","timestamp":1283105254000},"page":"161-170","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Ciliary neurotrophic factor\u2010coated polylactic\u2010polyglycolic acid chitosan nerve conduit promotes peripheral nerve regeneration in canine tibial nerve defect 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