{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:14:26Z","timestamp":1788826466898,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,27]],"date-time":"2011-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biomed Mater Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Biofilm formation in long\u2010term urinary catheterized patients can lead to encrustation and blockage of urinary catheters with serious clinical complication. Catheter encrustation stems from infection with urease\u2010producing bacteria, particularly <jats:italic>Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic>. Urease generates ammonia from urea, and the elevated pH of the urine results in crystallization of calcium and magnesium phosphates, which block the flow of urine. The aim of this research is to develop an \u201cearly warning\u201d silicone sensor for catheter encrustation following bacterial infection of an <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> bladder model system. The <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> bladder model was infected with a range of urease positive and negative bacterial strains. Developed sensors enabled catheter blockage to be predicted \u223c17\u201324 h in advance of its occurrence. Signaling only occurred following infection with urease positive bacteria and only when catheter blockage followed. In summary, sensors were developed that could predict urinary catheter blockage in <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> infection models. Translation of these sensors to a clinical environment will allow the timely and appropriate management of catheter blockage in long\u2010term catheterized patients. \u00a9 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.31930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,28]],"date-time":"2011-09-28T02:31:25Z","timestamp":1317177085000},"page":"133-137","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Development of an \u201cearly warning\u201d sensor for encrustation of urinary catheters following <i>Proteus<\/i> infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"100B","author":[{"given":"Sladjana","family":"Malic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark G. 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