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Here, to improve the osteogenic potential of hydroxyapatite\/\u03b2\u2010tricalcium phosphate (HA\/\u03b2\u2010TCP) and to apply the bioactive peptide <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>, matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) peptide, which has been shown to stimulate osteoblast differentiation, was covalently and directionally immobilized on HA\/\u03b2\u2010TCP particles. The free\u2010hydroxyl groups on the surface of the HA\/\u03b2\u2010TCP particles were sequentially conjugated with APTES, PEG\u2010(SS)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, and the synthetic MEPE peptide. Using FTIR and XPS, immobilization of the MEPE peptide on the HA\/\u03b2\u2010TCP was confirmed. Implantation of the MEPE peptide\u2010immobilized HA\/\u03b2\u2010TCP into calvarial defect and subsequent analyses using a micro CT and histology showed significant bone regeneration and increased bone area (9.89\u2010fold) as compared to that of unmodified HA\/\u03b2\u2010TCP. Moreover, tartrate\u2010resistant acid phosphatase\u2010positive osteoclasts were observed in regenerated bone by the MEPE peptide\u2010immobilized HA\/\u03b2\u2010TCP, indicating that the bones newly formed by the MEPE peptide\u2010immobilized HA\/\u03b2\u2010TCP are actively remodeled by osteoclasts. Therefore, our data demonstrate that MEPE peptide immobilization onto the HA\/\u03b2\u2010TCP surface stimulates bone regeneration associated with physiological bone remodeling. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.32648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,25]],"date-time":"2012-01-25T12:20:26Z","timestamp":1327494026000},"page":"841-849","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Surface immobilization of MEPE peptide onto HA\/\u03b2\u2010TCP ceramic particles enhances bone regeneration and 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