{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T10:25:10Z","timestamp":1762251910623},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,16]],"date-time":"2012-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1353024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biomed Mater Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Urinary catheters are among the most frequently used medical devices in clinical practice. However, their use is associated with high rates of nosocomial infection. This study investigates the use of polyurethane nanocomposites (PUNCs) incorporating an antimicrobial agent, chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX), behaving as nanoparticle dispersant and model drug\/active agent, as sustained\u2010release antibacterial biomaterials in urinary devices. A range of PUNCs incorporating organically modified silicate (OMS) nanoparticles with CHX was fabricated using a solution\u2010cast method. PUNCs with free CHX added into the bulk polymer were also made. Materials were assessed for antibacterial activity in an <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> urinary tract (UT) model and release kinetics of CHX was studied. PUNCs demonstrated sustained antibacterial activity against <jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic> in the UT model, reaching \u223c50 days infection\u2010free in materials with 2 wt % free CHX loading. Drug\u2010release profiles demonstrated that, compared with microcomposite and unfilled polyurethane, the initial burst effect was significantly reduced in PUNCs. Prolonged drug release was achieved through incorporation of OMS, hypothesized to be due to a combination of barrier properties created by the nanoinclusions and strong interactions between CHX and MMT within the PUNCs. Use of PUNCs for sustained drug release in long\u2010term urinary applications shows promise in addressing catheter\u2010related nosocomial infections. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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