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Subsequently, 2\u20133% of patients undergoing these procedures develop infections that are both a major health risk for patients and a cost for the health service providers; this is also aggravated by the fact that antibiotics are losing efficacy because of the rising resistance of microorganisms to these substances. In this study, oleic acid capped silver nanoparticles (NP) were encapsulated into Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)\u2010based bone cement samples at various ratios. Antimicrobial activity against Methicillin Resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic> was exhibited at NP concentrations as low as 0.05% (w\/w). Furthermore, the mechanical properties and cytotoxicity of the bone cement containing these NP were assessed to guarantee that such material is safe to be used in orthopaedic surgical practice. \u00a9 2014 The Authors. 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