{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T20:51:35Z","timestamp":1792183895418,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,7]],"date-time":"2015-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MOST 101-234-B195-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 101-234-B195-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biomed Mater Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Polyethylene particle\u2010induced osteolysis is the primary limitation in the long\u2010term success of total joint replacement with conventional ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Highly cross\u2010linked polyethylene (HXLPE) and vitamin E\u2010doped cross\u2010linked polyethylene (VE\u2010HXLPE) have been developed to increase the wear resistance of joint surfaces. However, very few studies have reported on the incidence of particle\u2010induced osteolysis for these novel materials. The aim of this study was to use a particle\u2010induced osteolysis animal model to compare the<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>biological response to different polymer particles. Three commercially available polymers (UHMWPE, HXLPE, and VE\u2010HXLPE) were compared. Osseous properties including the bone volume relative to the tissue volume (BV\/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb. Th), and bone mineral density (BMD) were examined using micro computed tomography. Histological analysis was used to observe tissue inflammation in each group. This study demonstrated that the osseous properties and noticeable inflammatory reactions were obviously decreased in the HXLPE group. When compared with the sham group, a decrease of 12.7% was found in BV\/TV, 9.6% in BMD and 8.3% in Tb.Th for the HXLPE group. The heightened inflammatory response in the HXLPE group could be due to its smaller size and greater amount of implanted particles. Vitamin E diffused<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>may not affect the inflammatory and osteolytic responses in this model. The morphological size and total cumulative amount of implanted particles could be critical factors in determining the biological response. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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