{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T23:16:53Z","timestamp":1782947813377,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,2]],"date-time":"2017-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Collaborative Health Research Project","award":["315694-DAN"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["315694-DAN"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biomed Mater Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Zinc borate glasses with increasing gallium content (0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 Wt % Ga) were synthesized and their degradation, bioactivity in simulated body fluid (SBF), and antibacterial properties were investigated. ICP measurements showed that increased gallium content in the glass resulted in increased gallium ion release and decreased release of other ions. Degradability declined with the addition of gallium, indicating the formation of more symmetric BO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> units with three bridging oxygens and asymmetric BO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> units with two bridging oxygens in the glass network as the gallium content in the series increased. The formation of amorphous Ca\uf8ffP on the glass surface after 24 h of incubation in SBF was confirmed by SEM, XRD, and FTIR analyses. Finally, antibacterial evaluation of the glasses using the agar disc\u2010diffusion method demonstrated that the addition of gallium increased the antibacterial potency of the glasses against <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> (Gram\u2010negative) while decreasing it against <jats:italic>S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic> (Gram\u2010positive); considering the ion release trends, this indicates that the gallium ion is responsible for the glasses\u2019 antibacterial behavior against <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> while the zinc ion controls the antibacterial activity against <jats:italic>S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic>. The statistical significance of the observed trends in the measurements were confirmed by applying the Kruskal\u2010Wallis H Test. \u00a9 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 367\u2013376, 2018.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.33856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,2]],"date-time":"2017-02-02T16:22:51Z","timestamp":1486052571000},"page":"367-376","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["The impact of gallium content on degradation, bioactivity, and antibacterial potency of zinc borate bioactive glass"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Alireza","family":"Rahimnejad Yazdi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Ryerson University Toronto M5B 2K3 Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital Toronto M5B 1W8 Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Torkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Ryerson University Toronto M5B 2K3 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